Presentation
Clinical and radiologic presentation closely resembles those of vestibular schwannomas. Their clinical presentation varies from vestibulocochlear dysfunction to glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
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Vomiting
[…] of stomach through the mouth. cyclic vomiting recurring attacks of vomiting. dry vomiting attempts at vomiting, with the ejection of nothing but gas. pernicious vomiting vomiting in pregnancy so severe as to threaten life. vomiting of pregnancy that [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Irrespective of the content, vomit tends to be malodorous.The content of the vomitus (vomit) may be of medical interest. Fresh blood in the vomit is termed hematemesis ("blood vomiting"). [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] nausea, 0.69 [0.57-0.84] for next-day postoperative nausea, 0.78 [0.63-0.98] for early postoperative vomiting, 0.57 [0.45-0.72] for late postoperative vomiting, and 0.61 [0.43-0.86] for next-day postoperative vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ira Todd Cohen, Ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting, Therapy, 3, 5, (571), (2006). [doi.org]
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Abdominal Pain
An 89-year-old female patient presented to the ED with mild abdominal pain and a history of vomiting for 3 days. Because of dementia, further history was unclear. Vital signs were normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Failure to Thrive
[…] to thrive in infants mood changes or feeling annoyed or impatient slowed growth and short height weight loss Celiac disease in children may lead to weight loss. [niddk.nih.gov]
Neurologic
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Headache
A 22-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour history of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized abdominal pain, and mild headache. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Dehydration can cause: dry mouth fatigue dark urine decreased urination headache confusion This complication is especially serious in infants and young children who vomit. [healthline.com]
confusion, and difficulty remembering recent events CT of the head Brain hemorrhage Sudden, often severe headache Confusion CT of the head Spinal tap if CT results are normal Brain infection (such as meningitis ) Gradual headache and confusion Often [merckmanuals.com]
Workup
Because no biochemical markers for CVS have been identified, physicians must initially look for alarming symptoms and then tailor the subsequent workup accordingly (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Serum
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Hyponatremia
The patient presented with vomiting and pain abdomen, persistent hyponatremia, and terminal hypoglycemia. He had features of malnutrition and had a rapid downhill course following admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
It is important to determine whether the nausea and vomiting is related to treatment (chemotherapy, radiation) or is independent of cancer treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
This chapter deals with differential diagnosis, key diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty. Access to the complete content on Oxford Medicine Online requires a subscription or purchase. [oxfordmedicine.com]
Links: aetiology of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage investigations acute management of gastrointestinal haemorrhage prognosis [gpnotebook.com]
Various factors affected the prognosis, such as the age of the patient, the underlying diagnosis, a low blood pressure on arrival at hospital, gross anaemia on arrival there, and the pattern of bleeding after admission. [mendeley.com]
These are severe cases and in the elderly, a person with a serious chronic ailment or after severe trauma, this may not bode well for the prognosis if it does not resolve within a few days. [healthhype.com]
Vomiting and Nausea Prognosis Most nausea and vomiting go away without treatment, but depending on the cause, may become severe. Even if the situation leads to dehydration, medicine and fluids can usually correct the problem. [emedicinehealth.com]
Etiology
There are various causes, including trauma, malignancy, infection, and inflammatory diseases; however, the etiology described in this study is poorly reported in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Background: Data on norovirus epidemiology among all ages in community settings are scarce, especially from tropical settings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The Question “Epidemiological studies have suggested that norovirus can be ‘aerosolized’ through vomiting, meaning that small particles containing norovirus can become airborne when someone throws up,” says Grace Thompson, a recent Ph.D. graduate whose [news.ncsu.edu]
J Epidemiology and Community Health. 1992; 46 447-454 14 Fink WV. Fällestatistiken und Lebenserwartung. Wien Med Wschr. 2001; 151 240-244 15 Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B. et al, and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. [doi.org]
Epidemiological evidence from outbreaks suggests that projectile vomiting produces aerosols that contain human NoV [ 12, 13 ]. [journals.plos.org]
Bleeding peptic ulcers The epidemiology of bleeding peptic ulcers exactly mirrors that of perforated ulcers. In recent years, the population affected has become much older and the bleeding is commonly associated with the ingestion of NSAIDs. [slideshare.net]
Pathophysiology
Improved understanding of CINV pathophysiology has triggered the development of new antiemetic therapeutic options, such as selective neurokinin-1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonists (RAs), which effectively prevent CINV when added to a standard antiemetic regimen [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology and Etiology The etiology and pathophysiology of CVS are not known. However, studies have suggested several potential brain-gut mechanisms. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. . Accessed Oct. 30, 2017. Merck Manual Professional Version. . Accessed Oct. 30, 2017. [mayoclinic.org]
Therapy is often directed at the presumed pathophysiological cause or extrapolated from evidence in other settings. How the intervention might work The pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting is a complex process. [doi.org]
Prevention
BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a distressing complication of surgery, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are often prescribed to prevent it. Ondansetron is the agent typically administered to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Weinstabl, Electrical stimulation of the vestibular system prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 44, 9, (1145), (2000). [doi.org]