Seven patients presented with vesicovaginal fistulas (43%), of which one healed spontaneously. Eight patients had ureterovaginal fistulas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Includes "Cardinal Presentations" sections that provide quick and easy guidance on differential diagnosis and directed testing. [books.google.com]

If neither portion is stained but the upper sponge is wet, a ureterovaginal fistula may be present. [aafp.org]

• Fatigue

  The need to urinate at night Abnormal urine color (cloudy urine) Blood in the urine Strong or foul-smelling urine Other symptoms that may be associated with a urinary tract infection include: Pain during sex Penis pain Flank (side of the body) pain Fatigue [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Side effects may include fatigue, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and insomnia. Surgery. In extreme cases, when incontinence is severe and other treatments have failed, surgery may be considered. [medicinenet.com]

• Cough

  Try to squeeze, lift and hold your pelvic floor muscles before you sneeze, cough, blow your nose or lift. Cross your legs and squeeze them tightly together before each cough or sneeze. Share the lifting of heavy loads. [continence.org.au]

  […] forward to induce cough and clear mild secretions.[115] The quad cough technique is done lying on the back with the therapist applying pressure on the abdomen in the rhythm of the cough to maximize expiratory flow and mobilize secretions.[115] Manual [en.wikipedia.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Injury to the bladder can cause lower abdominal pain symptoms in affected patients. [livestrong.com]

  Patients with bladder injuries may have symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine), painful or difficulty in urination, and lower abdominal pain. [newcastleurology.com.au]

  […] or when urinate- gross hematuria and pelvic & lower abdominal pain. o Signs: - heavy bleeding associated with hemorrhagic shock. - evidence of lower abd. [slideshare.net]

  Call your provider if symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop, including: Decrease in urine production Fever Blood in urine Severe abdominal pain Severe flank or back pain Shock or hemorrhage Prevent outside injury to the bladder and urethra by following [medlineplus.gov]

  Suprapubic pain or tenderness. Most patients with bladder rupture complain of suprapubic or abdominal pain. Difficulty or inability to void. Many can still void but the ability to urinate does not exclude bladder injury or perforation. [patient.info]

• Abdominal Rigidity

  - Suprapubic tenderness present but no dullness. - Varying degree of abdominal rigidity and distension and sometimes shifting dullness. - P/R examination: bulging of rectovesical pouch. 11. [slideshare.net]

  Signs of peritoneal irritation (abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, and voluntary guarding) may also be present because of extravasation of blood or urine into the peritoneal cavity. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hypotension

  Presenting features There may be hypovolaemia, hypotension and shock. Clinical signs of bladder injury are relatively nonspecific. The following may occur: Macroscopic haematuria. [patient.info]

  Previous studies indicated that hypovolemia, hypotension, sepsis, the use of nephrotoxic drugs, contrast media and urinary obstruction were AKI risk factors in UTI patients [ 23, 24 ]. [journals.plos.org]

  Portable films were obtained 5-10 minutes following the injection. 19 patients (47.5%) were hypotensive (BP = 90 mm Hg. Before this, 19 patients put in 36 gunshot wounds, 4 stab wounds. [east.org]

• Ulcer

  […] effective, early necessary medical treatment Providing confinement or isolation of the elderly individual Unnecessary restraint in a chair or bed Failure to follow doctor orders Failure to provide the right prevention or treatment of bedsores (decubitus ulcers [rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com]

  Genitourin Med 69:400–403 PubMed Google Scholar Borgström E (1988) Penile ulcer as complication in self-induced papaverine erections. [link.springer.com]

  In the acute phase physical therapists focus on the patient's respiratory status, prevention of indirect complications (such as pressure ulcers), maintaining range of motion, and keeping available musculature active.[113] For people whose injuries are [en.wikipedia.org]

• Back Pain

  Nursing home residents suffering from kidney-affected urinary tract infections also have a variety of symptoms and signs that include shaking/chills, high fever, vomiting, nausea, side pain and upper back pain. [rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com]

  Call your provider if symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop, including: Decrease in urine production Fever Blood in urine Severe abdominal pain Severe flank or back pain Shock or hemorrhage Prevent outside injury to the bladder and urethra by following [medlineplus.gov]

  pain or other aches Feeling “lousy” or tired UTI Signs Sediment (gritty particles) or mucus in the urine or cloudy urine Bad smelling urine (foul odor) Blood in urine (pink or red urine) Note : The appearance and smell of your urine may change because [sci-info-pages.com]

  […] strong odor to the urine and cloudy or blood-tinged urine new day or night wetting in a child who has been dry If the infection spreads to the kidneys, the child may also have high fever, back pain, and vomiting. [kidney.org]

• Low Back Pain

  back pain or other aches Feeling “lousy” or tired UTI Signs Sediment (gritty particles) or mucus in the urine or cloudy urine Bad smelling urine (foul odor) Blood in urine (pink or red urine) Note : The appearance and smell of your urine may change because [sci-info-pages.com]

  The patient needs to be monitored for complications throughout the hospital stay, such as infection (dysuria, low back pain, suprapubic pain, and foul or cloudy urine), impaired wound healing (seepage of urine from repair sites, flank or abdominal mass [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  back pain, weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs, loss of sensation, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and loss of reflexes.[36] Unlike in conus medullaris syndrome, symptoms often occur on only one side of the body.[35] The cause is often compression [en.wikipedia.org]

• Dizziness

  Side effects may include fatigue, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and insomnia. Surgery. In extreme cases, when incontinence is severe and other treatments have failed, surgery may be considered. [medicinenet.com]

• Urinary Retention

  At 12 weeks after operation, the avulsed group demonstrated urinary retention, absence of bladder contractions and external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyographic (EMG) activation during urodynamic recordings, increased bladder size, and retrograde [jneurosci.org]

  This is referred to as acute urinary retention, and is a medical emergency. Hydronephrosis and renal failure may also occur. [en.wikipedia.org]

  In two cases acute urinary retention was diagnosed. 50% of patients with LUTI received urological operative management (two with bladder ruptures, three with urethral injury). [omicsonline.org]

  Men may consider a surgery that removes the external sphincter - a sphincterotomy - or a piece of it - a sphincter resection - to prevent urinary retention. [medicinenet.com]

  Physical examination Common symptoms include urethral bleeding, bruising along the flank, urinary retention, lower abdominal distention and pain, and swelling and edema of the genitalia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Ped Clin North Am 48:1539–1557 CrossRef Google Scholar Mingin GC, Hinds A, Nguyen HT, Baskin LS (2004) Children with a febrile urinary tract infection and a negative radiologic workup: factors predictive of recurrence. [link.springer.com]

Peterson NE III Retrospective review of 157 penetrating; 225 blunt pts Workup consisted of IVP, retrograde cysto- urethrography; occasional arteriography and CT. [east.org]

Kidney Injuries Treatment for kidney injuries depends on the type and severity of the injury, and whether the patient has any other injuries. [ucsfhealth.org]

These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anytime there is a failure to diagnose a UTI in a timely manner and start treatments, it can lead to devastating results including serious harm, or death. [rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com]

Promising treatments In the future it will be possible to regenerate muscle with stem cells. Anterior root stimulators may become an alternative treatment to restore functional voiding. [cmej.org.za]

It should be a focus of treatment strategies. [books.google.com]

[…] anterolaterally extraluminal contrast into perivesical space (simple) molar tooth sign extension of extraluminal contrast to the thigh, scrotum or perineum (complex) combined mixed features of intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rupture Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Erectile dysfunction occurs in 20-60% of patients after traumatic urethral rupture. [ 9 ] Prognosis Traumatic bladder ruptures were once uniformly fatal. They are currently usually managed successfully. [patient.info]

The best predictor of prognosis is the level and completeness of injury, as measured by the ASIA impairment scale.[121] The neurological score at the initial evaluation done 72 hours after injury is the best predictor of how much function will return. [en.wikipedia.org]

Lack of fever may contribute to lower resistance to infection, delayed recovery [ 17 ], higher mortality rate, and poor prognosis [ 46 ]. [journals.plos.org]

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive literature review of the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

URETHRAL INJURIESURETHRAL INJURIES  Injuries of membranous urethra:  Etiology: I. [slideshare.net]

Etiology Bladder rupture can be categorized into five types depending on the location and extent of the rupture: Bladder contusion This is commonly seen but sometimes not classed as true rupture, since it involves an incomplete tear of the mucosa. [radiopaedia.org]

Incidence, etiology, and risk factors for fever following acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29:501-506（ V ） 13） Montgomerie JZ. Infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]

J Am Acad Dermatol 35:486–487 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Pandhi RK, Kumar AS, Satish DA, Bhutani LK (1984) Fixed drug eruptions on male genitalia: clinical and etiologic study. [link.springer.com]

Finally, all primary data were collected according to procedures outlined in epidemiology guidelines to strengthen the reporting of observational studies. [journals.plos.org]

Clinical Epidemiology. 6: 309–31. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S68889. PMC 4179833. PMID 25278785. ^ Field-Fote 2009, p. 3. ^ Devivo MJ (May 2012). "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications". [en.wikipedia.org]

Scand J Urol Nephrol 148 [Suppl]:1–47 Google Scholar Giwercman A, von der Maase H, Skakkebæk NE (1993) Epidemiological and clinical aspects of carcinoma in situ of the testis. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. J Urol 2000;164:1285-1289（ V ） 4） Biering-Sørensen F, Bagi P, Høiby N. Urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord lesions. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]

Pathophysiology SCIs are common, especially in South Africa, where road accidents and violent crimes often occur. SCIs do not usually cause complete anatomical transection of the cord. [cmej.org.za]

Pathophysiology and Management of Fever. J Support Oncol. 2006; 4: 9–16. View Article Google Scholar 18. Kushimoto S, Yamanouchi S, Endo T, Sato T, Nomura R, Fujita M, et al. [journals.plos.org]

"Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury". Spine. 26 (24 Suppl): S2–12. doi:10.1097/00007632-200112151-00002. [en.wikipedia.org]

Like with other preventive plans such as vaccination, for instance, it is important to explore the effectiveness of this new preventive approach. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Effective methods to prevent UTI in people with SCI have been sought for many years. [cochrane.org]

Therefore, continuous follow-up of the SCI and the patient’s urinary tract is important to prevent long-term complications, especially to the upper tract. [cmej.org.za]

Of concern is the fact that most of the ureteric injuries were diagnosed post operatively which means that further vigilance and preventive strategies need to be designed. © 2007 S. [karger.com]