Presentation
Seven patients presented with vesicovaginal fistulas (43%), of which one healed spontaneously. Eight patients had ureterovaginal fistulas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Includes "Cardinal Presentations" sections that provide quick and easy guidance on differential diagnosis and directed testing. [books.google.com]
If neither portion is stained but the upper sponge is wet, a ureterovaginal fistula may be present. [aafp.org]
Entire Body System
- Falling
Examples include injuries due to a blunt force (most commonly motor vehicle crashes, falls, or sports injuries) or a penetrating force (most commonly gunshot or stab wounds), or surgery. [merckmanuals.com]
The common causes include the motor vehicle accidents, accidental falls, sports injuries, stabbed wound or bullet wounds. [newcastleurology.com.au]
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic trauma associated with urinary tract injury is a severe trauma, mostly caused by traffic accidents and falls from heights. These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Rupture of the scapholunate ligament, a ligament in the wrist, may result from falling on an outstretched hand. Pain is felt mostly on top of the wrist. [msdmanuals.com]
- Swelling
Hand injuries cause swelling, pain, and stiffness and sometimes limit movement. Specific Injuries are a common type of wrist fracture. The area at the base of the thumb is tender and swollen. [merckmanuals.com]
Bladder rupture leads to severe pain in the hypogastrium on palpation or swelling from extravasation of blood and urine in the suprapubic area. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
- Surgical Procedure
CONCLUSION: Ureteral injuries at time of inpatient surgical procedures have decreased from 1979-2006. This corresponds with a sharp decrease in inpatient gynecologic procedures. Copyright (c) 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This injury is rare and can be caused by surgical procedures or by vomiting or swallowing a large mass of food. Sudden injuries of the esophagus usually cause pain, often felt as sharp pain under the breastbone. [msdmanuals.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Rigidity
- Suprapubic tenderness present but no dullness. - Varying degree of abdominal rigidity and distension and sometimes shifting dullness. - P/R examination: bulging of rectovesical pouch. 11. [slideshare.net]
Signs of peritoneal irritation (abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, and voluntary guarding) may also be present because of extravasation of blood or urine into the peritoneal cavity. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
Presenting features There may be hypovolaemia, hypotension and shock. Clinical signs of bladder injury are relatively nonspecific. The following may occur: Macroscopic haematuria. [patient.info]
Previous studies indicated that hypovolemia, hypotension, sepsis, the use of nephrotoxic drugs, contrast media and urinary obstruction were AKI risk factors in UTI patients [ 23, 24 ]. [journals.plos.org]
Portable films were obtained 5-10 minutes following the injection. 19 patients (47.5%) were hypotensive (BP = 90 mm Hg. Before this, 19 patients put in 36 gunshot wounds, 4 stab wounds. [east.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Fracture
[…] with fractures of the pelvic ring are unclear. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Based on this study10 the predominant fracture associated with urethral injury was Malgaigne’s fractures (35%). The risk of suffering a urethral injury from a Malgaigne’s fracture versus other types of pelvic fractures was 3.48 times. [omicsonline.org]
Toe sprain, dislocation, or fracture Structural toe disorders (eg, hallux limitus) Absolute contraindications Open fracture Relative contraindications Certain fractures of the big toe (some require fixation) Skin breakdown due to lack of padding and maceration [merckmanuals.com]
Eyes
- Prolapse
The diagnosis of prolapse is a risk factor for LUT injury in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Men's health :: Female Urology :: Paediatric Urology Infections :: Urethral diverticulum :: Pelvic prolapse :: Urinary tract injuries Pregnancy & Urinary tract :: Urinary Incontinence :: Haematuria :: Cancer Urinary tract injuries are injuries to the [urologysa.com.au]
Repair of high-grade pelvic prolapse (that is, grade 4 cystocele [hernia of the bladder] or total uterine prolapse) pose a particular risk for ureteral injury. [urology.wustl.edu]
This increased risk may be due to incomplete emptying of the bladder related to various medical conditions, including an enlarged prostate or a bladder prolapse (i.e., falling down or slipping of the bladder from its usual position). [my.clevelandclinic.org]
Urogenital
- Cesarean Section
Ureteral injury is a rare complication of cesarean section. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
KARRAM: The higher rate of cesarean sections also plays a role. Many women undergoing hysterectomies have had 1 or more cesarean deliveries. [mdedge.com]
Workup
Ped Clin North Am 48:1539–1557 CrossRef Google Scholar Mingin GC, Hinds A, Nguyen HT, Baskin LS (2004) Children with a febrile urinary tract infection and a negative radiologic workup: factors predictive of recurrence. [link.springer.com]
Peterson NE III Retrospective review of 157 penetrating; 225 blunt pts Workup consisted of IVP, retrograde cysto- urethrography; occasional arteriography and CT. [east.org]
Treatment
Kidney Injuries Treatment for kidney injuries depends on the type and severity of the injury, and whether the patient has any other injuries. [ucsfhealth.org]
These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Anytime there is a failure to diagnose a UTI in a timely manner and start treatments, it can lead to devastating results including serious harm, or death. [rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com]
Promising treatments In the future it will be possible to regenerate muscle with stem cells. Anterior root stimulators may become an alternative treatment to restore functional voiding. [cmej.org.za]
It should be a focus of treatment strategies. [books.google.com]
Prognosis
[…] anterolaterally extraluminal contrast into perivesical space (simple) molar tooth sign extension of extraluminal contrast to the thigh, scrotum or perineum (complex) combined mixed features of intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rupture Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]
Erectile dysfunction occurs in 20-60% of patients after traumatic urethral rupture. [ 9 ] Prognosis Traumatic bladder ruptures were once uniformly fatal. They are currently usually managed successfully. [patient.info]
The best predictor of prognosis is the level and completeness of injury, as measured by the ASIA impairment scale.[121] The neurological score at the initial evaluation done 72 hours after injury is the best predictor of how much function will return. [en.wikipedia.org]
Lack of fever may contribute to lower resistance to infection, delayed recovery [ 17 ], higher mortality rate, and poor prognosis [ 46 ]. [journals.plos.org]
Etiology
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive literature review of the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
URETHRAL INJURIESURETHRAL INJURIES Injuries of membranous urethra: Etiology: I. [slideshare.net]
Etiology Bladder rupture can be categorized into five types depending on the location and extent of the rupture: Bladder contusion This is commonly seen but sometimes not classed as true rupture, since it involves an incomplete tear of the mucosa. [radiopaedia.org]
Incidence, etiology, and risk factors for fever following acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29:501-506( V ) 13) Montgomerie JZ. Infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]
J Am Acad Dermatol 35:486–487 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Pandhi RK, Kumar AS, Satish DA, Bhutani LK (1984) Fixed drug eruptions on male genitalia: clinical and etiologic study. [link.springer.com]
Epidemiology
Finally, all primary data were collected according to procedures outlined in epidemiology guidelines to strengthen the reporting of observational studies. [journals.plos.org]
Clinical Epidemiology. 6: 309–31. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S68889. PMC 4179833. PMID 25278785. ^ Field-Fote 2009, p. 3. ^ Devivo MJ (May 2012). "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications". [en.wikipedia.org]
Scand J Urol Nephrol 148 [Suppl]:1–47 Google Scholar Giwercman A, von der Maase H, Skakkebæk NE (1993) Epidemiological and clinical aspects of carcinoma in situ of the testis. [link.springer.com]
Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. J Urol 2000;164:1285-1289( V ) 4) Biering-Sørensen F, Bagi P, Høiby N. Urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord lesions. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology SCIs are common, especially in South Africa, where road accidents and violent crimes often occur. SCIs do not usually cause complete anatomical transection of the cord. [cmej.org.za]
Pathophysiology and Management of Fever. J Support Oncol. 2006; 4: 9–16. View Article Google Scholar 18. Kushimoto S, Yamanouchi S, Endo T, Sato T, Nomura R, Fujita M, et al. [journals.plos.org]
"Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury". Spine. 26 (24 Suppl): S2–12. doi:10.1097/00007632-200112151-00002. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Like with other preventive plans such as vaccination, for instance, it is important to explore the effectiveness of this new preventive approach. [clinicaltrials.gov]
Effective methods to prevent UTI in people with SCI have been sought for many years. [cochrane.org]
Therefore, continuous follow-up of the SCI and the patient’s urinary tract is important to prevent long-term complications, especially to the upper tract. [cmej.org.za]
Of concern is the fact that most of the ureteric injuries were diagnosed post operatively which means that further vigilance and preventive strategies need to be designed. © 2007 S. [karger.com]