Presentation
We present two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngopharynx in children less than 15 years of age. Both patients presented with a prolonged history of symptoms and extensive disease at diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Case Presentation We present a 24 year old Asian female student presented with acute diminution of vision in both eyes 4 years back followed by complete loss of vision one year later in both eyes. [npplweb.com]
Clinical presentation includes epistaxis and conductive hearing loss. [radiopaedia.org]
Respiratoric
- Sore Throat
Throat cancer symptoms Signs of throat cancer may be difficult to identify in the early stages of the disease. Many symptoms associated with throat cancer are the same as those that may accompany a cold or sore throat. [cancercenter.com]
Symptoms may include a growing cervical lump, persistent sore throat, dysphagia, or a change in the voice. Diagnosis is confirmed based on tissue biopsy, whereas the extent of spread is determined via imaging modalities like CT or MRI. [amboss.com]
A doctor should be seen if a person has a sore throat that does not go away, trouble swallowing, a lump in the back of the mouth or throat, a change in the voice, or pain in the ear. [cancercompass.com]
Sore in the mouth or on the lip that does not heal; this is the most common symptom Red or white patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil, or lining of the mouth Lump on the lip, mouth, neck, or throat or a feeling of thickening in the cheek Persistent sore [cancer.net]
Symptoms and Signs Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms vary slightly depending on the subsite but typically patients present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysarthria, and otalgia. [merckmanuals.com]
- Hoarseness
[…] is the most common symptom Red or white patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil, or lining of the mouth Lump on the lip, mouth, neck, or throat or a feeling of thickening in the cheek Persistent sore throat or feeling that something is caught in the throat Hoarseness [cancer.net]
No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]
[…] to alcohol or tobacco use. [2] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The possible signs of oropharyngeal cancer are: [1] [3] [4] A sore throat that persists for over 2 weeks Throat pain or difficulty swallowing Unexplained rapid weight loss Voice changes (more hoarse [en.wikipedia.org]
Diagnosis History Depending on the location and extent of the cancer Sore throat A lump in the nose or back of the mouth, throat, or neck A change of voice, or unusual hoarseness Dysphagia Coughing Trouble breathing, or feeling "stuffed [slideshare.net]
An urgent CXR is also warranted in individuals who have an unexplained change in the quality of their voice (hoarse, husky or quiet) for more than three weeks, particularly in smokers and heavy drinkers. [patient.info]
- Dyspnea
The patient was now in a serious condition, with dyspnea at rest due to multiple lung metastases, pain from the bone metastases, and liver metastases. [academic.oup.com]
Seven months after initial surgery, pharyngeal pain, swelling, and a feeling of dyspnea developed, and tumor was found in the left palatine tonsil. [cancerindex.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Odynophagia
Symptoms and Signs Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms vary slightly depending on the subsite but typically patients present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysarthria, and otalgia. [merckmanuals.com]
• Odynophagia • Otalgia* • Trismus, dysphagia, and dysarthria may develop with deeper invasion. • Bleeding, aspiration, airway obstruction, and weight loss (Late). • Neck mass (most of the patients with oropharyngeal primaries present with cervical [slideshare.net]
Jaw & Teeth
- Halitosis
Other symptoms include bleeding causing haemoptysis, halitosis, trismus (suggests involvement of the pterygoid muscles) and weight loss. See the separate articles on Problems in the Mouth, Oral Ulceration and Salivary Gland Disorders. [patient.info]
Ears
- Otalgia
No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]
Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]
Symptoms and Signs Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms vary slightly depending on the subsite but typically patients present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysarthria, and otalgia. [merckmanuals.com]
Audiological symptoms like tinnitus, otalgia and deafness: These are common symptoms of nasopharyngeal malignancy. This is caused by blockage to the nasopharyngeal end of eustachean tube by the tumor mass. 9. [drtbalu.com]
- Referred Otalgia
Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]
Face, Head & Neck
- Neck Mass
Diagnosis Physical examination may include visual inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck, throat, and tongue using a small mirror and/or lights. neck mass consisting of painless firm lymph node enlargement Investigation : 1. [slideshare.net]
Investigations [ 17 ] Diagnosis is made by biopsy of the nasopharyngeal mass. FNA of a neck mass may be useful for the detection of an occult nasopharyngeal primary tumour. [patient.info]
Headaches accompanied by palpable lymph nodes in neck Fifty-six patients complained of headache and neck mass. [cancerjournal.net]
A neck mass, often cystic, is a common presenting symptom of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Because the symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer mimic those of common URIs, it often takes many months before patients are referred to a specialist. [merckmanuals.com]
In Taiwan, neck mass was the most common presenting symptom of NPC patients. 2 Blood-tinged sputum and/or rhinorrhoea was the second most frequent symptom. 2 Nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, discharge), aural symptoms (tinnitus, fullness, hearing loss [nature.com]
Workup
Workup includes the following: • Careful visual examination (by fiberoptic endoscopic examination or examination under anesthesia [EUA]). • Documentation of the size and location of the tumor and neck nodes. • Evaluation of cranial nerve function [slideshare.net]
Workup includes: Careful visual examination (by mirror or endoscope), evaluation of neck nodes, evaluation of cranial nerve function and hearing. Skull X-rays (especially base-of-skull views) to evaluate neural foramina. CXR. [patient.info]
Treatment
[…] for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
NPC is highly sensitive to both radiation treatment and many forms of drug (chemotherapy) treatment. [stanfordhealthcare.org]
You won't usually need to stay in hospital overnight during treatment. [nhs.uk]
However, this theory provides a route for researchers to risk stratify and de-escalate treatments, and hence reduce treatment burden. [cancerindex.org]
Prognosis
Males had significantly poor prognosis than females. Subjects with tongue and/or mouth carcinoma presented the worst prognosis, whereas lip carcinoma had the best prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Early pharynx cancer detected incidentally is associated with a relatively good cancer prognosis. Involvement of lymph nodes in the region is associated with a poorer prognosis of the cancer. [myvmc.com]
Etiology
Epidemiological and etiological factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [npplweb.com]
The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]
Etiology Risk factors Tobacco consumption Alcohol use Further risk factors: nitrosamine ; consumption from salted/preserved foods, chronic iron deficiency, long-term consumption of carcinogenic food (e.g., aflatoxin ), exposure to radiation, immunosuppression [amboss.com]
Recently, HPV infection showed an etiologic role in the development of non-endemic EBV-negative nasopharyngeal cancers. HPV-positive and EBV/HPV-negative tumors exhibited worse outcomes than EBV-positive tumors 7. [radiopaedia.org]
HPV type 16 causes 60% of oropharyngeal cancers, and patients have become younger (median age 57 yr, and bimodal peaks at 30 yr and 55 yr) as HPV infection has emerged as an etiology. [merckmanuals.com]
Epidemiology
This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology References: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]
An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. Mar-Apr 1978;4(3-4):182-198. [headandneckcancerguide.org]
The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]
Pathophysiology
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis Medium-risk lesions: Oral submucosal fibrosis Syphilitic glossitis Sideropenic dysphagia (or Paterson-Kelly-Brown syndrome) Low-risk lesions: Oral lichen planus Discoid lupus erythematosus Discoid keratosis congenita Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Clinician's handbook of preventive services: put prevention into practice. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1994. Horowitz AM, Nourjah P, Gift HC. [cdc.gov]
This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention of OP-SCC has not been evaluated in randomized trials designed for this purpose. [ada.org]
The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. [headandneckcancerguide.org]