Presentation
Paraneoplastic neurological disorders are uncommon presentations of head and neck cancers. We present a case of a 68-year-old male patient who presented with dizziness, nausea and memory problems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Epilepsy
Abstract Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder worldwide, affecting about 50 million people. In most people with epilepsy, the disorder is clinically benign. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurological disorders: public health challenges describes and discusses the increasing global public health importance of common neurological disorders such as dementia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections, neurological [who.int]
- Pain
[…] challenges describes and discusses the increasing global public health importance of common neurological disorders such as dementia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections, neurological disorders associated with malnutrition, pain [who.int]
The individual may suffer from different types of pain such as back pain, neck pain, or the pain in the muscles and joint. Chronic headaches are also a part of neurological symptoms. [maxhealthcare.in]
[…] lumbar intervertebral disc S1 root Low back pain and tenderness Pain down leg from buttock to ankle (sciatica) Wasting and weakness of gastrocnemius and soleus) S1 sensory loss Depressed ankle reflex L5 root Sciatic pain Foot drop [slideshare.net]
[…] of Animal Pain Models for Therapeutics Development. [ninds.nih.gov]
Clinical Depression (aka Major Depressive Disorder or Depression) Cockayne Syndrome Type II Coffin Lowry Syndrome Colpocephaly Coma Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Congenital Facial Diplegia Congenital Myasthenia Congenital Myopathy Congenital Vascular [neurosciencenews.com]
- Disability
In the eyes of the SSA, you are qualified for Social Security Disability if you have any neurological disablity that makes it impossible for you to engage in any gainful employment. [disabilitybenefitscenter.org]
For more information about professional training opportunities in the field of neurodevelopmental disabilities, please visit the Neurodevelopmental Disability Residency program page. [kennedykrieger.org]
There was a variable but progressive visual, hearing and neurological disability across the family as a whole. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
However, reducing the number of attacks with immunosuppressive medications may help prevent with accumulation of disability. [ninds.nih.gov]
- Falling
For the prevention of falls, individual fall risk assessment is the necessary first step. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Symptoms The signs of NMO fall into two categories. See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: Optic neuritis: inflammation of the optic nerve (this carries information from your eye to your brain). [webmd.com]
(high-strung) متوتر Our baby is so nervous that he can't fall asleep easily. nervous adj adjective : Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." [wordreference.com]
Parkinson’s disease Gait Flexed/stooped posture Difficulty defending balance Difficulty initiating walking (‘freezing’) Steps small and shuffling Festinant Normal arm swing lost Risk of falls 24. Posture 25. [slideshare.net]
- Difficulty Walking
Signs and symptoms that affect body movement and function may include: Weakness or paralysis Abnormal movement, such as tremors or difficulty walking Loss of balance Difficulty swallowing or feeling "a lump in the throat" Seizures or episodes of shaking [mayoclinic.org]
Symptoms include seizures, limb weakness, difficulty walking, speech impairments and swallowing difficulties, strange sensations, learning impairments, challenging behaviors, or vision and hearing impairments. [childneurologyfoundation.org]
Symptoms may include: problems with learning and memory, including amnesia forgetfulness poor coordination difficulty walking Alcoholic neuropathy This condition occurs when the peripheral nerves are damaged by too much alcohol. [healthline.com]
Respiratoric
- Anosmia
Anosmia : loss of the sense of smell. (Oxford) This can be temporary, as with a cold, or it can be permanent, following certain viral infections, head injuries, and "tumors" affecting the “olfactory nerve.” [richardsonthebrain.com]
The disorder evolves more slowly than sporadic CJD, with an average duration to death of 14 months. 3 Neoplastic and paraneoplastic The association between slow growing frontal lobe tumours, anosmia, and personality change is one of the most celebrated [doi.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Dysphagia
After high doses of intravenous thiamine, dysphagia and gastroparesis improved substantially. Wernicke encephalopathy is unusual in inflammatory bowel diseases patients and dysphagia is a very rare symptom of thiamine deficiency. [scielo.mec.pt]
Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties). Cognitive impairment (at a late stage in some disorders memory and/or thought processes may be affected). No speech at all (alternative communication – AAC – may be needed). [helpwithtalking.com]
Cerebellar Ataxia Dentatorubral Atrophy Depression (aka Major Depressive Disorder or Clinical Depression) Dermatomyositis Developmental Dyspraxia Devic’s Syndrome Diabetic Neuropathy Diffuse Sclerosis Dravet Syndrome Dysautonomia Dysgraphia Dyslexia Dysphagia [neurosciencenews.com]
- Constipation
[…] numbness, tingling, and a sensation of coldness or burning weak, heavy limbs, sometimes leading to total paralysis changes in urination patterns, including urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating, and more frequent urination fecal incontinence or constipation [medicalnewstoday.com]
Symptoms include: numbness, tingling, and prickly sensations in the arms and legs muscle spasms and cramps muscle weakness movement disorders urinary and bowel problems like incontinence, constipation, and diarrhea sexual dysfunction difficulty swallowing [healthline.com]
[…] slowed movements; instability; loss of balance; loss of coordination; a significant fall in blood pressure when standing, causing dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting or blurred vision ( orthostatic hypotension ); male impotence ; urinary difficulties ; constipation [aans.org]
- Muscle Rigidity
Muscle rigidity Tremors and seizures Back pain which radiates to the feet, toes, or other parts of the body Muscle wasting and slurred speech New language impairment (expression or comprehension) The symptoms of a nervous system disorder may look like [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Parkinson's produces many common symptoms, including tremor; muscle rigidity or stiffness of the limbs; gradual loss of spontaneous movement, often leading to decreased mental skill or reaction time, voice changes or decreased facial expression; gradual [aans.org]
- Fecal Incontinence
difficulty urinating, and more frequent urination fecal incontinence or constipation A person with NMO may have just one mild attack of ON and one episode of TM, recover completely, or almost completely, and have no more relapses ever. [medicalnewstoday.com]
- Gagging
[…] been assumed that an absent gag reflex is indicative of neurogenic dysphagia. [nature.com]
Cardiovascular
- Heart Disease
Chris Ball | Critical Illness, Life | English Brain disorders contribute significantly to disability figures throughout the world, adding more Disability-Adjusted Life Years than HIV or ischaemic heart disease. [genre.com]
One comparison is to think about heart disease. There are lots of causes of heart disease – smoking, genetic factors, diet and even stress-related / psychological factors such as depression. [rarediseases.org]
Lipids —The story is far less clear or consistent than for coronary heart disease. [jnnp.bmj.com]
Other people also read: Sex, heart disease and physical disability : try and talk matters over with your doctor. Sex and alcohol : bad effects of alcohol. Female sexual arousal disorder : all in the mind? Last updated 17.11.2014 [netdoctor.co.uk]
- Hypertension
Subnormal scores were found in 76 subjects (5.9%), associated with age, education, hypertension, severe white matter hyperintensities, and distribution and number of MBs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Autonomic Dysfunction B Back Pain Barth Syndrome Batten Disease Becker’s Myotonia Behcet’s Disease Bell’s Palsy Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Focal Amyotrophy Benign Intracranial Hypertension [neurosciencenews.com]
In the hypertensive population of Framingham, the ratio of myocardial infarction to stroke was two in men and one in women, whereas it was six in men and three in women who were not hypertensive. 5 The study also showed in men that in the presence of [jnnp.bmj.com]
[…] of hepatosplenomegaly, radiography and bone scintigraphy to detect bone lesions and complications, osteodensitometry for the evaluation of osteopenia of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and cardiac ultrasound for the detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension [orpha.net]
- Vascular Disease
disease also is important.(5) This includes assessment of infection, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease.(6) The spasms of multiple sclerosis and resistant neuropathic pain are two obvious targets.(7) Margolis and colleagues developed a clinical [urdu.english-dictionary.help]
The neurological conditions were grouped according to International Classification of Disease [21] as follows: 1) Vascular diseases which include all type of stroke, moya moya disease, unruptured saccular aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation. 2) Cerebellar [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]
Table 3 Infectious disease notifications Vascular disease: stroke Many of the risk factors identified for stroke have been those also associated with coronary heart disease, having been identified in observational studies mainly considering the outcome [jnnp.bmj.com]
Skin
- Dermatitis
Anticonvulsants commonly make people feel drowsy and mentally slow; the drugs may also cause tremor, hair loss, headache, dermatitis, and several other side effects. [nap.edu]
Eyes
- Visual Impairment
There are several possible complications of NMO including: Visual impairment or blindness Paralysis or weakness of one or more limb Stiffness or muscle spasms Loss of bowel or bladder control Depression Fatigue Living with neuromyelitis optica Disability [hopkinsmedicine.org]
It may include impairment of cognition, such as impairments in “language,” (visual and spatial) "awareness," “attention” and memory. [richardsonthebrain.com]
The patient was severely malnourished (BMI: 10.93 kg/m2) with muscular atrophy and complained of visual impairment. On neurologic evaluation, diplopia and limitation of eye movements were detected. [scielo.mec.pt]
Individuals with cerebral palsy may also experience seizures, abnormal speech, hearing and visual impairments, and mental retardation. Children with cerebral palsy may not be able to walk, talk, eat, or play in the same ways as most other children. [firstsigns.org]
Psychiatrical
- Visual Hallucination
Neurologic characteristics include fluctuating cognitive ability, visual hallucinations, spontaneous parkinsonism, sleep disturbance, and reduced ability to perform activities of daily living. [nature.com]
The anatomy of conscious vision: an fMRI study of visual hallucinations. Nat Neurosci 1998 ; 1 : 738 –42. Cummings JL, Mega MS. Neuropsychiatry and behavioural neuroscience. [doi.org]
Neurologic
- Stroke
[…] health importance of common neurological disorders such as dementia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections, neurological disorders associated with malnutrition, pain associated with neurological disorders, Parkinson’s disease, stroke [who.int]
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) is a part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). [en.wikipedia.org]
A stroke is a restorative crisis. Strokes happen when blood stream to your mind stops. Inside minutes, cerebrum cells start to kick the bucket. There are two sorts of stroke. [stroke.global-summit.com]
Our doctors, including neurology specialists, treat a diverse range of neurological disorders and brain problems that include autism, Alzheimer’s disease, brain tumors, epilepsy, back pain and stroke. [mainehealth.org]
Observational Study in a Stroke Unit Setting J Neurol Disord Stroke 1(2): 1016. [jscimedcentral.com]
- Seizure
The more commonly used terms include non-epileptic seizures, non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD) non-epileptic events, dissociative seizures, pseudo seizures, pseudo-epileptic seizures, psychogenic seizures, or conversion seizures. [sth.nhs.uk]
Isolated seizures The person who has a first unprovoked epileptic seizure (isolated seizure) will qualify for a driving licence if they are free from any further seizure for 6 months. [gov.uk]
Once they determined the underlying cause for Kelley’s seizures, her medical team performed surgery. They were able to remove the damaged part of the brain causing her seizures. Today, Kelley is happy, healthy and seizure-free. [archildrens.org]
NINDS Febrile Seizures Information Page Febrile Seizures information sheet compiled by NINDS. [webmd.com]
The default rate from follow-up was higher among children with cerebral palsy compared to children with seizure disorder (58.7% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Tremor
About 1 in 3 patients with tremor was misdiagnosed as having ET, with the most frequent false diagnoses being Parkinson disease and dystonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Close A slowly progressing degenerative disorder of the mid brain that controls body movements, Parkinson’s Disease is characterised by tremors when muscles are at rest (resting tremor), increased stiffness or rigidity of muscles, slowness in voluntary [astermedcity.com]
Physiotherapy has been shown to be helpful for the more 'movement' side of functional neurological disorders, like weakness or tremors. [patient.info]
Botox injections help block the communication between the nerve and the muscle and may lessen tremor. If the tremor is so severe that is causes a disability, surgery may be recommended. [aans.org]
- Nystagmus
Migraine, tachycardia, intention tremor, nystagmus and cervical dystonia were observed in isolated individuals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children hereditary cerebellar ataxia nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus [vocabulary.com]
Nystagmus (gaze-evoked and direction-changing) subsequently appeared. The headache ceased. The results of blood tests were normal. [nejm.org]
Symptoms may include: unsteady walk tremor in the trunk of the body jerky movements of the arms or legs slurred speech rapid movements of the eyes, called nystagmus Alcoholic myopathy Alcohol affects muscle fibers causing alcoholic myopathy. [healthline.com]
- Poor Coordination
Examples of symptoms include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. There are many recognized neurological disorders, some relatively common, but many rare. [imedpub.com]
Ataxic CP is rare and causes poor coordination and difficulty with depth perception. Mixed cerebral palsy symptoms combine spastic and athetoid CP causing both tight and loose muscles at the same time. . [livestrong.com]
Dysarthria A speech disorder resulting from weakness, slowness, or poor coordination of speech. [iup.edu]
Examples of symptoms include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. [disabled-world.com]
Cases of manifestations incorporate loss of motion, muscle shortcoming, poor coordination, and loss of sensation, seizures, perplexity, torment and adjusted levels of cognizance. [stroke.global-summit.com]
Workup
Screening for vitamin B 12 deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, and syphilis must be completed in the workup for Alzheimer's disease in order to rule out potential other causes of dementia. [nature.com]
Microbiology
- Chlamydia
There have been a few cases of neuromyelitis optica occurring in association with certain viruses (e.g., syphilis, HIV, chlamydia, varicella, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein Barr virus). The nature of this link is not clear. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Treatment
After an 8-day hospital course, which included several different treatment modalities including plasmapheresis, the patient was discharged after making a complete recovery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Health System Should Prepare for Future Alzheimer's Treatments The U.S. health care system isn't ready to meet demand for a breakthrough Alzheimer's treatment. [rand.org]
This comprehensive text reference seeks to assist physicians with treatment by providing an easy-to-use compendium covering the treatment and management of all neurological diseases along with details on the natural course of these diseases. [elsevier.com]
Prognosis
Definition Treatment Prognosis Clinical Trials Organizations Publications Definition Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. [ninds.nih.gov]
Prognosis The prognosis is variable: patients may recover completely from individual attacks, but residual neurological deficits are common and sometimes severe. [orpha.net]
The new findings advance current understanding of the mechanisms involved in this disease, and offer the possibility of identifying markers of the condition and patients’ prognosis. [healtheuropa.eu]
This paper is expected to contribute to the development of an analytical platform to discover biomarkers that will aid diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. [dbpia.co.kr]
Drug-Resistant Seizures Often Take Years to Develop January 2003 press release on new findings regarding the prognosis of partial epilepsy. [webmd.com]
Etiology
This article addresses etiology, clinical manifestations, importance of early diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. Nursing interventions for the TS patient will also be discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology Etiology is unknown but NMO is believed to be an autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies to aquaporin-4. [orpha.net]
Epidemiology
This hypothesis can explain many aspects of RLS, including symptoms as well as epidemiological findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiological data regarding the neurological conditions is limited in Pakistan. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]
Part 2: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and long-term outcome Journal of Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:280. Jarius et al. [rarediseases.org]
Pathophysiology
Abstract OBJECTIVE: Affective symptoms influence health status (health-related quality of life) in functional neurological disorder (FND), and the salience network is implicated in the pathophysiology of FND and mood/anxiety disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
DESIGN: This is an observational diagnostic study of multiple neurological diseases and their pathophysiology. [clinicaltrials.gov]
Development of new imaging methods help us understand the pathophysiology of aneurysm development and the risk of rupture. [esciencecentral.org]
B cells in the pathophysiology of autoimmune neurological disorders: A credible therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;112(1):57-70. Wingerchuk D. Neuromyelitis optica. Int MS J. 2006; 13:42-50. [rarediseases.org]
Prevention
Research on prevention is still being developed, but health-promoting lifestyle choices can decrease one’s risk of these diseases. A nutritious diet, avoidance of tobacco, and increased physical activity all can qualify as preventative measures. [ncdalliance.org]
However, reducing the number of attacks with immunosuppressive medications may help prevent with accumulation of disability. [ninds.nih.gov]
Although innominate artery transection for innominate artery compression of the trachea is recently used for prevention of life-threatening complications (e.g. massive bleeding and obstructive apnoea) in patients with neurological disorders, pre-existing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It is society’s responsibility to invest in preventive and palliative care for such patients and try to reintegrate them into public life. Reaching for this level of inclusiveness is what defines progress. [blog.thryveinside.com]