Accurately diagnosing and treating adult patients presenting with recurrent syncope can be extremely problematic. We present the case of a patient who presented with recurrent syncope. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Tachypnea

  Central neurogenic hyperventilation refers to progressive tachypnea leading to hypocarbia and respiratory alkalosis caused by cortical disorders, initially reported in comatose patients with mainly pontine infarction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Tachypnea is abnormally rapid breathing. [en.m.wikipedia.org]

  The symptoms of acute hyperventilation are mainly caused by the hypocalcemia. 4 Symptoms Tachypnea Muscle spasms Paresthesia Dizziness Anxiety Spasms of the muscles of the lower arm and hands ( hyperventilation tetany ) can lead to the characteristic [flexikon.doccheck.com]

• Carpopedal Spasm

  Examination shows a stuporous person, writhing about, with painful upper extremities in carpopedal spasm, and rapid respiration with no cyanosis, and emotionally difficult to control when questioned.The rationale of treatment is to restore normal blood [jamanetwork.com]

  In extreme cases it may cause carpopedal spasms, a flapping and contraction of the hands and feet.[4][5] Factors that may induce or sustain[3] hyperventilation include: physiological stress, anxiety or panic disorder, high altitude, head injury, stroke [en.wikipedia.org]

  Hyperventilation syndrome related to anxiety can cause alkalosis severe enough to cause carpopedal spasm. A mild fairly well compensated respiratory alkalosis is the usual finding in pregnancy. [anaesthesiamcq.com]

  Carpopedal spasm occurs when acute hypocarbia causes reduced ionized calcium and phosphate levels, resulting in involuntary contraction of the feet or (more commonly) the hands. 25. [slideshare.net]

• Muscle Twitch

  If you are experiencing these symptoms, you may be chronically hyperventilating : dizziness & light-headedness breathlessness a sense of unreality increased and/or irregular heartbeat numbness, tingling, or cold in the hands and feet muscle twitching [overcomingyouranxiety.net]

  twitching and cramps, tension and panicky feelings, depression and anxiety. [healthnavigator.org.nz]

  Overbreathing can cause the calcium levels to drop in your blood, which may result in the following nervous system symptoms like numbness and tingling (usually in both arms or around the mouth), spasms or cramps of the hands and feet, and muscle twitching [emedicinehealth.com]

• Chvostek Sign

  Chvostek's sign is also due to hypocalcaemia. Flick behind the ear, just in front of the mastoid bone where the facial nerve emerges. The hypersensitive facial nerve makes the muscles of the face twitch. [patient.info]

  […] cuff. 30. • Chvostek’s sign is neither sensitive nor specific for hypocalcemia, since it is absent in about one third of patients with hypocalcemia and is present in approximately 10% of persons with normal calcium levels. • Trousseau’s sign is more [slideshare.net]

• Leg Cramp

  Cramps: - How to get rid of cramps : How to get rid of cramps breathing exercise - Leg cramps at night : Two easy solutions (Earthing and reduced breathing exercise). [normalbreathing.com]

• Dizziness

  Patients who complained of persistent dizziness were significantly more likely to have persistent HIN and high Korean Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores at the last follow-up compared with patients who did not suffer from dizziness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hyperventilation syndrome is one of the most common causes of dizziness in the general population, accounting for up to 25 percent of dizziness complaints. 1,2,7 Hyperventilation syndrome may present a diagnostic challenge to the chiropractic physician [dynamicchiropractic.com]

  The signs of hyperventilation are: prick of face and fingers, numbness in the mouth, difficulty speaking, dizziness and convulsive contractions in the fingers. [illadult.com]

  Caution: known as the great mimic, some hyperventilation syndrome symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness and shortness of breath need checking by your doctor to rule out serious events. [healthnavigator.org.nz]

• Paresthesia

  He reported that paresthesias were occasionally asymmetrical and could even be unilateral. [medlink.com]

  The symptoms of acute hyperventilation are mainly caused by the hypocalcemia. 4 Symptoms Tachypnea Muscle spasms Paresthesia Dizziness Anxiety Spasms of the muscles of the lower arm and hands ( hyperventilation tetany ) can lead to the characteristic [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  Side effects, including vertigo, paresthesias and muscle tremor, were present in 70% of the volunteers during hyperventilation with 100% O2, and these side effects forced them to limit their respiratory rates and tidal volumes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] usually part of a generalized personality dysfunction, chiefly anxiety neurosis or hysteria.4 Patients with this disorder overbreathe for short periods of time, during which they are aware of dyspnea, chest discomfort, palpitation, lightheadedness, paresthesias [jamanetwork.com]

• Agitation

  Hyperventilate combines the Greek hyper-, "over" or "beyond," and ventilate, from the Latin ventilare, "fan" or "agitate." [vocabulary.com]

  It is accompanied by agitation and a sense of terror or by symptoms of chest pain, paresthesias (peripheral and perioral), peripheral tetany (eg, stiffness of fingers or arms), and presyncope or syncope or sometimes by a combination of all of these findings [merckmanuals.com]

  Clothing made of soft fibers (cotton, silk) may also be helpful, as rougher fabrics such as wool can cause skin irritation, discomfort, overheating and agitation in some people. 4 Try relaxation techniques. [wikihow.com]

• Giddiness

  Headache, giddiness, disturbed sleep, and dizziness were "all indicative of disturbed circulation in the cerebro-spinal centres." Da Costa reasoned that "the heart has become irritable, from its over-action and frequent excitement...." [medlink.com]

  Some hyperventilation and panic attack symptoms are: Light headiness Giddiness Dizziness Shortness of breath Heart palpitations Numbness Chest pains Dry mouth Clammy hands Difficulty swallowing Tremors Sweating Weakness Fatigue Getting Rid of Hyperventilation [panic-attacks.co.uk]

  […] rebreathing into a paper bag, because of the danger of hypoxia. hyperventilation syndrome a complex of symptoms that accompany hypocapnia caused by hyperventilation, including palpitation, a feeling of shortness of breath or air hunger, lightheadedness or giddiness [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  • These cycles regulate the amount of oxygen you take in so that you do not experience the fainting, tingling, and giddy sensations that are sometimes associated with overbreathing. 48. [slideshare.net]

• Numbness of the Hand

  Symptoms can include: Numbness in the hands, feet, and mouth A tingling sensation in the fingers or toes Overwhelming feelings of panic Chest pain Light-headedness Inability to catch one's breath Although these symptoms are very real, they are not the [familyeducation.com]

  Or perhaps you get chest pain, palpitation, or numbness in your hands. These can be signs of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is very common. It causes “Chronic Hyperventilation Syndrome.” This brings different symptoms at the same time. [breathingexpert.com]

  Question What if my hands feel strange? A tingling sensation or numbness in your hands, feet and lips is a symptom of hyperventilation, along with lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, chest pain, slurred speech and sometimes even fainting. [wikihow.com]

RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 29 patients referred for ENS during the study period were eligible for inclusion and underwent a complete workup. HVS was diagnosed in 17 of these patients (77.3%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Approach Considerations • Patients with a history of HVS who have undergone an appropriate workup at some earlier time may not need any further laboratory evaluation in the setting of a recurrence. [slideshare.net]

[…] dehydration, while low blood oxygen levels may be seen following the event in those with pulmonary embolism.[1] Routine broad panel laboratory testing detects abnormalities in <2-3% of results and is therefore not recommended.[14] Based on this initial workup [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hypocapnia

  Oxygen uptake during the 30-s WAnT was lower in the hypocapnia than the control trial (1.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.95 ± 0.44 L min(-1)), while the postexercise peak blood lactate concentration was higher in the hypocapnia than control trial (10.4 ± 1.9 vs. 9.6 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Both treatment programs were equally effective in reducing symptoms, said Meuret. But CART was the only treatment to physiologically alter panic symptoms by actively reversing hyperventilation in the patients. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Acupuncture Acupuncture may also be an effective treatment for hyperventilation syndrome. Acupuncture is an alternative treatment based on ancient Chinese medicine. It involves placing thin needles into areas of the body to promote healing. [healthline.com]

Supportive counseling Sometimes psychiatric or psychologic treatment Treatment is reassurance. Some physicians advocate teaching the patient maximal exhalation and diaphragmatic breathing. [merckmanuals.com]

Prognosis Prognosis is generally good but will depend on the underlying cause and comorbidity. [ 12 ] Management of associated disorders (such as agoraphobia) will alter the course of the hyperventilation. [patient.info]

Pneumothorax (Symptoms, Causes, Types, and Prognosis) A pneumothorax is free air in the chest outside the lung, that causes the lung to collapse (collapsed lung). There are two types... [medicinenet.com]

According to the GOS prognosis evaluation six months later, prognosis of patients in group A were superior to that of patients in group B (P<0.05). [journal.haoyisheng.com]

Concurrent etiologies of peripheral hyperventilation were excluded, leaving central neurogenic hyperventilation as the remaining etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] type Article Language English Keyword (fr) HYPOCUPREMIE ETIOLOGIE ANEMIE HEMATIE FALCIFORME ACCIDENT MEDICAMENTEUX VOIE ORALE ZINC HOMME CHIMIOTHERAPIE HEMOPATHIE METABOLISME PATHOLOGIE ELEMENT MINERAL TRAITEMENT PHARMACOLOGIE Keyword (en) HYPOCUPREMIA ETIOLOGY [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Because of its bizarre manifestations and its basic etiology, it is seen by everyone regardless of the limitation of one's practice. Too many of us have been lulled into a sense of false security by medical school teachings. [aafp.org]

"Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". eMedicine. ^ "eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD". Retrieved 29 November 2016. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology It is quite common but precise prevalence is unknown. [patient.info]

[…] addition, asthma status was seen to significantly influence the probability of HVS occurrence, with the ORs for HVS in adolescents with lifetime asthma, current episodic asthma, and current active asthma calculated as 11.2, 8.9, and 41.5, respectively. [4] Epidemiology [emedicine.com]

[…] from Greek: ὑπέρ ("iper") - over and Latin: ventilare - breathe German : Hyperventilation Contents 1 Definition 2 Forms 3 Pathophysiology 4 Symptoms 5 Therapy 1 Definition Hyperventilation is defined as unphysiological deeper and/or faster breathing that [flexikon.doccheck.com]

HRV analysis points towards an autonomic overactivation as a pathophysiological pathway subtending seizure triggered by hyperventilation in MTLE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This means that if you can stop hyperventilating, you can potentially reduce the severity of your panic attacks and perhaps prevent them altogether. [calmclinic.com]

Examples of medications for hyperventilation include: alprazolam (Xanax) doxepin (Silenor) paroxetine (Paxil) Preventing hyperventilation You can learn breathing and relaxation techniques to help prevent hyperventilation. [healthline.com]

To help prevent problems, tell your healthcare provider and pharmacist about all the medicines, natural remedies, vitamins, and other supplements that you take. [summitmedicalgroup.com]

Prevention Hyperventilation can be prevented by avoiding situations that lead to anxiety. Avoiding stimulants like caffeine and cigarette smoke can also reduce the occurrence of hyperventilation. [health24.com]