Accurately diagnosing and treating adult patients presenting with recurrent syncope can be extremely problematic. We present the case of a patient who presented with recurrent syncope. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Hyperventilation can, rarely, be a feature of BRAIN DAMAGE, poisoning, fever or THYROTOXICOSIS. hyperventilation an increase in air inhalation into the lungs resulting from an increase in the depth or rate of breathing. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Fever Although a fever technically is any body temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37 C), in practice, a person is usually not... [medicinenet.com]

  When to call your healthcare provider Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these: Fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, or as directed by your healthcare provider Symptoms that don’t get better with treatment, or symptoms that get [saintlukeskc.org]

  It is also associated with fever, head injuries, and asthma. Certain medications can cause hyperventilation as well. Rapid breathing is a common sign of illness in infants, children, and seniors. [consumer.healthday.com]

  "Buteyko" is famous throughout the world as a natural asthma treatment and to improve allergies and hay fever. What is less well known is that Buteyko is also successful at reducing problems with sleep, such as snoring, sleep apnoea and insomnia. [buteykoworks.com]

• Falling

  A fall in carbon dioxide levels therefore causes a fall in the rate of respiration, which then serves to normalize the levels of this gas. [livestrong.com]

  Abnormally fast or deep respiration, which results in the loss of carbon dioxide from the blood, thereby causing a fall in blood pressure, tingling of the extremities, and sometimes fainting. [yourdictionary.com]

  This is related to both the fall in FEV1 and to oral temperature, suggesting an effect on the whole respiratory tract including the oral cavity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Epilepsy

  Of the 3170 patients suspected of 'epilepsy or possible epilepsy' 69 patients (2.2%) had seizures provoked by HV, but only one (0.03%) had a generalised tonic clonic seizure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Anemia

  […] sustain[3] hyperventilation include: physiological stress, anxiety or panic disorder, high altitude, head injury, stroke, respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia or hyperventilation syndrome,[6] cardiovascular problems such as pulmonary embolisms, anemia [en.wikipedia.org]

  Anemia Anemia is the condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin... [medicinenet.com]

  English Keyword (fr) HYPOCUPREMIE ETIOLOGIE ANEMIE HEMATIE FALCIFORME ACCIDENT MEDICAMENTEUX VOIE ORALE ZINC HOMME CHIMIOTHERAPIE HEMOPATHIE METABOLISME PATHOLOGIE ELEMENT MINERAL TRAITEMENT PHARMACOLOGIE Keyword (en) HYPOCUPREMIA ETIOLOGY SICKLE CELL ANEMIA [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

  There could be many causes for that, but some could include anemia, anxiety disorder, or even a problem with the thyroid gland. [wikihow.com]

• Sepsis

  Abstract In sepsis, higher PaCO2 levels are associated with impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), which may expose the brain to hypo- and hyperperfusion during acute fluctuations in blood pressure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Unfortunately low ETCO2 with hyperventilation also occurs with shock and metabolic acidosis, particularly severe sepsis and diabetic ketoacidosis. [ems1.com]

  Sepsis Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a potentially deadly infection with signs and symptoms that include elevated heart rate, low or high... Shock (Medical) Medical shock is a life-threatening medical condition. [medicinenet.com]

  Anxiety-hyperventilation syndrome (psychogenic) Other 'supra-tentorial' causes (pain, fear, stress, voluntary) Various drugs (eg analeptics, propanidid, salicylate intoxication) Various endogenous compounds (eg progesterone during pregnancy, cytokines during sepsis [anaesthesiamcq.com]

  […] psychological advantage in having a sudden, dramatic illness (for example, somatization disorder ) Stress Medical causes include: Bleeding Heart problem such as heart failure or heart attack Drugs (such as an aspirin overdose ) Infection such as pneumonia or sepsis [mountsinai.org]

• Tachypnea

  Central neurogenic hyperventilation refers to progressive tachypnea leading to hypocarbia and respiratory alkalosis caused by cortical disorders, initially reported in comatose patients with mainly pontine infarction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Tachypnea is abnormally rapid breathing. [en.m.wikipedia.org]

  The symptoms of acute hyperventilation are mainly caused by the hypocalcemia. 4 Symptoms Tachypnea Muscle spasms Paresthesia Dizziness Anxiety Spasms of the muscles of the lower arm and hands ( hyperventilation tetany ) can lead to the characteristic [flexikon.doccheck.com]

• Respiratory Distress

  distress syndrome ( J80 ) respiratory arrest ( R09.2 ) respiratory arrest of newborn ( P28.81 ) respiratory distress syndrome of newborn ( P22.- ) respiratory failure ( J96.- ) respiratory failure of newborn ( P28.5 ) Abnormalities of breathing Clinical [icd10data.com]

  distress - eg, recurrent pulmonary emboli or pneumothorax. [patient.info]

  The patient then feels like they need to breathe even faster and deeper, leading to a cycle of worsening anxiety and respiratory distress. [ems1.com]

• Heart Failure

  Chronic heart failure and dwelling at high altitude are classical conditions in which CSA is induced by hyperventilation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary edema (swelling or fluid in the lungs) can either be caused by cardiogenic causes (congestive heart failure, heart... [medicinenet.com]

  The prognostic value of arterial blood gas analysis in high-risk acute heart failure patients: an analysis of the Korean Heart Failure (KorHF) registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015 Jun. 17 (6):601-11. [Medline]. Raphael KL, Murphy RA, Shlipak MG, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Embryology, and Physiology, AMC Center for Heart Failure Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, [journals.physiology.org]

• Hypertension

  […] little role in sustained hypertension. [nature.com]

  […] intracranial hypertension refractory to sedation, paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, and osmotic diuretics." [health.ny.gov]

  We aimed to examine the effect of moderate hyperventilation (HV) and induced hypertension (IH) on non-invasive cerebral tissue oxygenation (SctO2) in patients with coma after CA monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during therapeutic hypothermia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cyanosis

  During the final phase of apnea, the patient showed cyanosis, contact disturbance, grimaces, oral movements of rhyme, and, on three occasions, partial seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Examination shows a stuporous person, writhing about, with painful upper extremities in carpopedal spasm, and rapid respiration with no cyanosis, and emotionally difficult to control when questioned.The rationale of treatment is to restore normal blood [jamanetwork.com]

  With respect to resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation, the Guidelines state: "Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) or hypoxia (apnea or cyanosis in the field or a Pa02 < 60 mm Hg) must be scrupulously avoided, if possible, or corrected [health.ny.gov]

• Carpopedal Spasm

  In extreme cases it may cause carpopedal spasms, a flapping and contraction of the hands and feet.[4][5] Factors that may induce or sustain[3] hyperventilation include: physiological stress, anxiety or panic disorder, high altitude, head injury, stroke [en.wikipedia.org]

  Examination shows a stuporous person, writhing about, with painful upper extremities in carpopedal spasm, and rapid respiration with no cyanosis, and emotionally difficult to control when questioned.The rationale of treatment is to restore normal blood [jamanetwork.com]

  Hyperventilation syndrome related to anxiety can cause alkalosis severe enough to cause carpopedal spasm. A mild fairly well compensated respiratory alkalosis is the usual finding in pregnancy. [anaesthesiamcq.com]

  Carpopedal spasm occurs when acute hypocarbia causes reduced ionized calcium and phosphate levels, resulting in involuntary contraction of the feet or (more commonly) the hands. 25. [slideshare.net]

• Muscle Twitch

  If you are experiencing these symptoms, you may be chronically hyperventilating : dizziness & light-headedness breathlessness a sense of unreality increased and/or irregular heartbeat numbness, tingling, or cold in the hands and feet muscle twitching [overcomingyouranxiety.net]

  Overbreathing can cause the calcium levels to drop in your blood, which may result in the following nervous system symptoms like numbness and tingling (usually in both arms or around the mouth), spasms or cramps of the hands and feet, and muscle twitching [emedicinehealth.com]

  twitching and cramps, tension and panicky feelings, depression and anxiety. [healthnavigator.org.nz]

• Chvostek Sign

  Chvostek's sign is also due to hypocalcaemia. Flick behind the ear, just in front of the mastoid bone where the facial nerve emerges. The hypersensitive facial nerve makes the muscles of the face twitch. [patient.info]

  […] cuff. 30. • Chvostek’s sign is neither sensitive nor specific for hypocalcemia, since it is absent in about one third of patients with hypocalcemia and is present in approximately 10% of persons with normal calcium levels. • Trousseau’s sign is more [slideshare.net]

• Trousseau Sign

  Trousseau's sign (also called 'main d'accoucheur' or carpopedal spasm) is muscle spasm in the hands, with the tips of the fingers and thumb apposed and the fingers straight. It results from hypocalcaemia. [patient.info]

  […] cuff. 30. • Chvostek’s sign is neither sensitive nor specific for hypocalcemia, since it is absent in about one third of patients with hypocalcemia and is present in approximately 10% of persons with normal calcium levels. • Trousseau’s sign is more [slideshare.net]

• Leg Cramp

  Cramps: - How to get rid of cramps : How to get rid of cramps breathing exercise - Leg cramps at night : Two easy solutions (Earthing and reduced breathing exercise). [normalbreathing.com]

• Dizziness

  Patients who complained of persistent dizziness were significantly more likely to have persistent HIN and high Korean Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores at the last follow-up compared with patients who did not suffer from dizziness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  May cause dizziness and tingling of toes and fingers and chest pain if continued. Also called overbreathing. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The signs of hyperventilation are: prick of face and fingers, numbness in the mouth, difficulty speaking, dizziness and convulsive contractions in the fingers. [illadult.com]

  The symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include: dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting and seizures. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Hyperventilation syndrome is one of the most common causes of dizziness in the general population, accounting for up to 25 percent of dizziness complaints. 1,2,7 Hyperventilation syndrome may present a diagnostic challenge to the chiropractic physician [dynamicchiropractic.com]

• Headache

  The symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include: dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting and seizures. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Isocapnic hyperventilation was associated with only mild side effects, such as dyspnea, increased respiratory effort and headache, in 30% of subjects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Only when we know the real cause, we can heal the root and there for automatically liberate ourselves from every other burnout-symptom too, like f.e. dizziness, tingling in the lips hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting and seizures. [youtube.com]

  Additional symptoms of a head injury include a headache, nausea, and confusion. Anyone with a serious head injury should see a doctor immediately. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Seizure

  However, seizure patterns revealing the seizure onset zone are thought to give better localizing information, but are impractical due to the waiting time for spontaneous seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Paresthesia

  He reported that paresthesias were occasionally asymmetrical and could even be unilateral. [medlink.com]

  The symptoms of acute hyperventilation are mainly caused by the hypocalcemia. 4 Symptoms Tachypnea Muscle spasms Paresthesia Dizziness Anxiety Spasms of the muscles of the lower arm and hands ( hyperventilation tetany ) can lead to the characteristic [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  […] usually part of a generalized personality dysfunction, chiefly anxiety neurosis or hysteria.4 Patients with this disorder overbreathe for short periods of time, during which they are aware of dyspnea, chest discomfort, palpitation, lightheadedness, paresthesias [jamanetwork.com]

  […] containing a vasoconstrictor congruent with the patient’s functional capacity Signs and symptoms: Frequent (>20 breaths/min), prolonged sighing inspiration Dyspnea Sometimes so severe that the patient feels like suffocating Light-headedness and dizziness Paresthesia [dentalcare.com]

  Side effects, including vertigo, paresthesias and muscle tremor, were present in 70% of the volunteers during hyperventilation with 100% O2, and these side effects forced them to limit their respiratory rates and tidal volumes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Agitation

  It is accompanied by agitation and a sense of terror or by symptoms of chest pain, paresthesias (peripheral and perioral), peripheral tetany (eg, stiffness of fingers or arms), and presyncope or syncope or sometimes by a combination of all of these findings [merckmanuals.com]

  Hyperventilate combines the Greek hyper-, "over" or "beyond," and ventilate, from the Latin ventilare, "fan" or "agitate." [vocabulary.com]

  Clothing made of soft fibers (cotton, silk) may also be helpful, as rougher fabrics such as wool can cause skin irritation, discomfort, overheating and agitation in some people. 4 Try relaxation techniques. [wikihow.com]

RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 29 patients referred for ENS during the study period were eligible for inclusion and underwent a complete workup. HVS was diagnosed in 17 of these patients (77.3%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Approach Considerations • Patients with a history of HVS who have undergone an appropriate workup at some earlier time may not need any further laboratory evaluation in the setting of a recurrence. [slideshare.net]

[…] dehydration, while low blood oxygen levels may be seen following the event in those with pulmonary embolism.[1] Routine broad panel laboratory testing detects abnormalities in <2-3% of results and is therefore not recommended.[14] Based on this initial workup [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hypocapnia

  Oxygen uptake during the 30-s WAnT was lower in the hypocapnia than the control trial (1.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.95 ± 0.44 L min(-1)), while the postexercise peak blood lactate concentration was higher in the hypocapnia than control trial (10.4 ± 1.9 vs. 9.6 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hypophosphatemia

  Tetany occurs because respiratory alkalosis causes both hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia. On examination, patients may appear anxious, tachypneic, or both; lung examination is unremarkable. [merckmanuals.com]

  • Acute secondary hypophosphatemia is common and may contribute to paresthesias and generalized weakness. 29. [slideshare.net]

• Hypophosphatemia

  Tetany occurs because respiratory alkalosis causes both hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia. On examination, patients may appear anxious, tachypneic, or both; lung examination is unremarkable. [merckmanuals.com]

  • Acute secondary hypophosphatemia is common and may contribute to paresthesias and generalized weakness. 29. [slideshare.net]

Both treatment programs were equally effective in reducing symptoms, said Meuret. But CART was the only treatment to physiologically alter panic symptoms by actively reversing hyperventilation in the patients. [sciencedaily.com]

Short-term immediate treatment consists of having the patient slow the rate of breathing. Determining the underlying physical or emotional cause is necessary; the type of treatment depends on the cause. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Supportive counseling Sometimes psychiatric or psychologic treatment Treatment is reassurance. Some physicians advocate teaching the patient maximal exhalation and diaphragmatic breathing. [merckmanuals.com]

Your doctor can help you get to the root of the problem and find an appropriate treatment. [healthline.com]

Prognosis Prognosis is generally good but will depend on the underlying cause and comorbidity. [ 12 ] Management of associated disorders (such as agoraphobia) will alter the course of the hyperventilation. [patient.info]

According to the GOS prognosis evaluation six months later, prognosis of patients in group A were superior to that of patients in group B (P<0.05). [journal.haoyisheng.com]

Pneumothorax (Symptoms, Causes, Types, and Prognosis) A pneumothorax is free air in the chest outside the lung, that causes the lung to collapse (collapsed lung). There are two types... [medicinenet.com]

Concurrent etiologies of peripheral hyperventilation were excluded, leaving central neurogenic hyperventilation as the remaining etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] type Article Language English Keyword (fr) HYPOCUPREMIE ETIOLOGIE ANEMIE HEMATIE FALCIFORME ACCIDENT MEDICAMENTEUX VOIE ORALE ZINC HOMME CHIMIOTHERAPIE HEMOPATHIE METABOLISME PATHOLOGIE ELEMENT MINERAL TRAITEMENT PHARMACOLOGIE Keyword (en) HYPOCUPREMIA ETIOLOGY [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Friedman, M., “Studies concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of neurocirculatory asthenia”, Amer. Heart J., 1945, 30, 325,. Gibbs, E. L., Gibbs, F. A., Lennox, W. G., and Nims, L. F., “Regulation of cerebral carbon dioxide”, Arch. Neurol. [bjp.rcpsych.org]

"Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". eMedicine. ^ "eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD". Retrieved 29 November 2016. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology It is quite common but precise prevalence is unknown. [patient.info]

Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. eMedicine. 5 August 2016. [zh.wikipedia.org]

[…] addition, asthma status was seen to significantly influence the probability of HVS occurrence, with the ORs for HVS in adolescents with lifetime asthma, current episodic asthma, and current active asthma calculated as 11.2, 8.9, and 41.5, respectively. [4] Epidemiology [emedicine.com]

[…] from Greek: ὑπέρ ("iper") - over and Latin: ventilare - breathe German : Hyperventilation Contents 1 Definition 2 Forms 3 Pathophysiology 4 Symptoms 5 Therapy 1 Definition Hyperventilation is defined as unphysiological deeper and/or faster breathing that [flexikon.doccheck.com]

Central neurogenic hyperventilation is a rare condition with poorly understood pathophysiology. To describe a patient with central neurogenic hyperventilation caused by an infiltrative brainstem lymphoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". eMedicine. ^ "eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD". Retrieved 29 November 2016. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] game which may involve hyperventilation in order to induce temporary syncope and euphoria Respiratory alkalosis Shallow water blackout, the role of hyperventilation in some drowning incidents References[edit] ^ Hyperventilation: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention [en.wikipedia.org]

Awareness of the responsible factors will promote detection and prevention of the hazard. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This means that if you can stop hyperventilating, you can potentially reduce the severity of your panic attacks and perhaps prevent them altogether. [calmclinic.com]