We present a case of a young recreational cocaine user with uncontrolled hypertension who presented to hospital with acute chest pain and was diagnosed with an acute aortic dissection. The patient's last use of powdered cocaine was 3 days prior. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The goal of this review is to present experimental evidence that has led to the conclusion that decreased dopamine receptor function increases ROS activity and vice versa. [doi.org]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are frequently seen in adults 40 years and older, and are predictive of incident stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality--independently of traditional risk factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There was no difference in the pooled analysis for this outcome: RR 0.99, 95% CI (0.79, 1.25), p 0.96. 1.3.3 Congestive heart failure The only trial reporting data on congestive heart failure was the ABCD (N) trial. [doi.org]

  During this lecture Ninja Nerd Science will go into detail on how thiazide and thiazide like diuretics are used to lower and control high blood pressure as well as decrease excess fluid in the body in conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF). [youtube.com]

• Renal Artery Stenosis

  The following recommendations were modified: (1) renal artery stenosis should be primarily managed medically; and (2) renal artery angioplasty and stenting could be considered for patients with renal artery stenosis and complicated, uncontrolled hypertension [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In the remaining 22%, the cause of hypertension, in order of frequency, was renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, and a variety of other conditions. Table 2. [web.archive.org]

  The effect of balloon angioplasty on hypertension in atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis. Dutch Renal Artery Stenosis Intervention Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 ; 342 : 1007–1014. [dx.doi.org]

• Fatigue

  If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for,including: Severe headache Fatigue or confusion Vision problems Chest pain Difficulty breathing Irregular heartbeat Blood in the urine Pounding in your chest, neck [webmd.com]

  Signs and symptoms of PH include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, swelling of legs, and fainting, which could also be seen in many other diseases thus making diagnosis of PH challenging. [medical-center.lomalindahealth.org]

  […] vessel tonus. 5 Symptoms Hypertension appears mostly asymptomatic and in case of moderately high blood pressure values often causes only uncharacteristic ailments: Headaches (especially in the morning in bed) Dizziness Epistaxis (nosebleeds) Abnormal fatigue [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  Extremely high blood pressure may cause symptoms like dizziness, visual disturbance, headache, fatigue and facial flushing. Risk factors In over 90% of cases, no specific cause can be identified. These cases are called primary hypertension. [chp.gov.hk]

  More severe forms may exhibit fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors. [who.int]

• Coronary Atherosclerosis

  Severe hypertension (hypertensive emergencies) can cause severe cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and retinal symptoms (eg, symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, renal failure). [msdmanuals.com]

  Severe hypertension ( hypertensive emergencies ) can cause severe cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and retinal symptoms (eg, symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis, HF, hypertensive encephalopathy, renal failure). [merckmanuals.com]

  Adiposity, cardiac size and precursors of coronary atherosclerosis in 5- to 15-year-old children: a retrospective study of 210 violent deaths. Int J Obesity. 1997; 21 : 691–697. [doi.org]

• Nausea

  This drug is known to cause adverse effects, such as nausea, appetite loss, headache, insomnia, and hypertension. We herein describe a case of sudden-onset right peripheral facial palsy in a 9-year-old Japanese boy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] values often causes only uncharacteristic ailments: Headaches (especially in the morning in bed) Dizziness Epistaxis (nosebleeds) Abnormal fatigue In case of very high blood pressure the following can appear: Severe dyspnea Angina pectoris Palpitation Nausea [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  More severe forms may exhibit fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors. [who.int]

  Symptoms of high blood pressure that has gone untreated for a long time include: Headache Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Shortness of breath Restlessness Blurred vision Causes and Risk Factors In most cases, the causes of high blood pressure are not known. [cedars-sinai.edu]

  Hydralazine may cause tachycardia, nausea and fluid retention. Oral captopril: 0.1 mg/kg initially, increasing to a maximum of 1 mg/kg (max. 50 mg). Thereafter 0.1-1.0 mg/kg/dose 8-hourly. Captopril is usually effective within 30 - 60 min. [rch.org.au]

• Failure to Thrive

  Signs and symptoms that should alert the physician to the possibility of hypertension include the following: Neonates Failure to thrive Seizure Irritability or lethargy Respiratory distress Congestive heart failure Children (Findings in addition to those [web.archive.org]

• Chest Pain

  The consequences of uncontrolled blood pressure in this range can be severe and include: Stroke Loss of consciousness Memory loss Heart attack Damage to the eyes and kidneys Loss of kidney function Aortic dissection Angina (unstable chest pain) Pulmonary [heart.org]

  We present a case of a young recreational cocaine user with uncontrolled hypertension who presented to hospital with acute chest pain and was diagnosed with an acute aortic dissection. The patient's last use of powdered cocaine was 3 days prior. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] edema (fluid backup in the lungs) Eclampsia If you get a blood pressure reading of 180 or higher on top or 110 or higher on the bottom, and are having any symptoms of possible organ damage (chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness [web.archive.org]

  Hypertensive urgencies frequently present with headache (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and psychomotor agitation (10%) and hypertensive emergencies frequently present with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%) and neurological deficit (21%). [doi.org]

• Diastolic Hypertension

  Systolic hypertension is more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease than diastolic hypertension, and occurs more commonly in older people. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Similarly, so-called artifactual isolated diastolic hypertension in young individuals is typically associated with additional cardiovascular risk factors and often precedes the development of systolic/diastolic hypertension in later life. [doi.org]

  hypertension Combined systolic-diastolic hypertension Time-dependent hypertensiono Labile hypertension ( borderline hypertension ) Stable hypertension (continuous hypertension) 4 Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of primary hypertension is so complex that [flexikon.doccheck.com]

• Cardiomegaly

  Steinmetz JC (1989) Neonatal hypertension and cardiomegaly associated with a congenital neuroblastoma. Pediatr Pathol 9:577–582 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 101. [dx.doi.org]

• Gallop Rhythm

  Daily examination should include a funduscopic examination for retinal spasm or edema, lung examination for signs of volume overload, cardiac examination for gallop rhythms, abdominal examination for hepatic tenderness, extremities/sacrum examination [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Blurred Vision

  Without treatment, hypertension can lead to bleeding in the eye, blurred vision, damage to the optic nerve, glaucoma, and vision loss. [vsp.com]

  Symptoms of high blood pressure that has gone untreated for a long time include: Headache Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Shortness of breath Restlessness Blurred vision Causes and Risk Factors In most cases, the causes of high blood pressure are not known. [cedars-sinai.edu]

  PIH can cause headaches, blurred vision, vision loss, abdominal pain and dizziness. It can cause slow growth of the baby, low birth weight and premature delivery. [familydoctor.org]

  vision Epistaxis Bell palsy Physical Measurement and recording of blood pressure (BP) Best medical care includes yearly measurement of BP in every child older than 3 years, preferably by means of auscultation with a mercury gravity manometer. [web.archive.org]

• Epistaxis

  Hypertensive urgencies frequently present with headache (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and psychomotor agitation (10%) and hypertensive emergencies frequently present with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%) and neurological deficit (21%). [doi.org]

  […] neuronal stimulation of the blood vessel tonus. 5 Symptoms Hypertension appears mostly asymptomatic and in case of moderately high blood pressure values often causes only uncharacteristic ailments: Headaches (especially in the morning in bed) Dizziness Epistaxis [flexikon.doccheck.com]

• Kidney Failure

  Essential hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart and kidney failure. [doi.org]

  It can harm the arteries and cause an increase in the risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, and blindness. Also called high blood pressure. [cancer.gov]

  Updated September 2018: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in three adults has hypertension (or high blood pressure), which is a leading cause of stroke, heart attack and kidney failure. [stateofobesity.org]

  Stealthy as a cat, it can cause blood vessel changes in the back of the eye (retina), abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, kidney failure, and brain damage. For diagnosis, there is no substitute for measurement of blood pressure. [medicinenet.com]

  News High blood pressure, or hypertension, usually has no symptoms, but can seriously damage the body—raising the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and other problems. A healthy blood pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg. [health.com]

• Nocturia

  Another factor in the presence of OSA is nocturia, which is present in about one third of patients. Apneic episodes cause an increase in secretion of atrial natriuretic factor, which causes diuresis throughout the night. [aafp.org]

  Diagnostic Screening Tests Prevalence Clinical Indications Physical Examination Screening Tests Additional/Confirmatory Tests Common causes Renal parenchymal disease S5.1-1,S5.1-2 1%–2% Urinary tract infections; obstruction, hematuria; urinary frequency and nocturia [dx.doi.org]

  Diagnostic Screening Tests Prevalence Clinical Indications Physical Examination Screening Tests Additional/Confirmatory Tests Common causes Renal parenchymal disease S5.4-1,S5.4-3 1%–2% Urinary tract infections; obstruction, hematuria; urinary frequency and nocturia [doi.org]

• Stroke

  we observed that the frequency of the Pl A2 allele was higher among stroke versus nonstroke patients (stroke, 46.4%; nonstroke, 22.6%; P 0.01). [oadoi.org]

  […] less than 140 mm Hg to reduce the risk for recurrent stroke. [doi.org]

  […] risk factor for heart disease and stroke. [cdc.gov]

• Headache

  He described in detail the symptoms of hypertension such as headache, heaviness in the head, sluggish movements, general redness and warm to touch feel of the body, prominent, distended and tense veins, fullness of the pulse, distension of the skin, coloured [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hypertensive urgencies frequently present with headache (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and psychomotor agitation (10%) and hypertensive emergencies frequently present with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%) and neurological deficit (21%). [doi.org]

• Dizziness

  A large proportion of participants thought hypertension was principally caused by stress and produced symptoms, particularly headache, dizziness, and sweating. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Side effects can include fast pulse, palpitations, dizziness, diarrhea, or headaches. Home Remedies and Treatment It has been shown that meditation and other relaxation techniques can help lower blood pressure. [onhealth.com]

  and neuronal stimulation of the blood vessel tonus. 5 Symptoms Hypertension appears mostly asymptomatic and in case of moderately high blood pressure values often causes only uncharacteristic ailments: Headaches (especially in the morning in bed) Dizziness [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  Extremely high blood pressure may cause symptoms like dizziness, visual disturbance, headache, fatigue and facial flushing. Risk factors In over 90% of cases, no specific cause can be identified. These cases are called primary hypertension. [chp.gov.hk]

• Insomnia

  BACKGROUND: Hypertension and insomnia are common diseases in the elderly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Are you an adult who has insomnia and high blood pressure? This study is evaluating three different behavioral interventions for treatment of insomnia and the effects of insomnia on blood pressure. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  […] hoarseness; weight gain Delayed ankle reflex; periorbital puffiness; coarse skin; cold skin; slow movement; goiter Thyroid-stimulating hormone; free thyroxine None Hyperthyroidism S5.1-9 Warm, moist skin; heat intolerance; nervousness; tremulousness; insomnia [dx.doi.org]

• Papilledema

  Retinal changes may include arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages, exudates, and, in patients with encephalopathy, papilledema (hypertensive retinopathy). [msdmanuals.com]

  Retinal changes may include arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages, exudates, and, in patients with encephalopathy, papilledema ( hypertensive retinopathy ). [merckmanuals.com]

A workup for secondary hypertension was negative and no other risk factors for aortic dissection were determined. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Makris A, Seferou M, Papadopoulos DP: Resistant hypertension workup and approach to treatment. Int J Hypertens 2010; 2011: 598694. MEDLINE 9. [doi.org]

The common physical findings in OSA are listed in Table 3. 43, 44 Because many patients with OSA have an upper airway abnormality, an ear, nose and throat evaluation is essential in the diagnostic workup. [aafp.org]

What is the proper workup of a patient with hypertension?. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008 Sep. 75(9):663-72. [Medline]. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Hypertension diagnosis and treatment. [emedicine.com]

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

  Sixteen months later, his average HBP was 147/106 mm Hg with no side effects and the left ventricular hypertrophy had completely regressed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Brady TM, Fivush B, Flynn FT, Parekh R (2008) Ability of blood pressure to predict left ventricular hypertrophy in children with primary hypertension. J Pediatr 152:73–78 CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 32. [doi.org]

occurred in the amlodipine-based treatment group than in the atenolol-based treatment group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment versus No Treatment [doi.org]

1.6.16 Before considering step 3 treatment, review medication to ensure step 2 treatment is at optimal or best tolerated doses. [2011] 1.6.17 If treatment with three drugs is required, the combination of ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker [nice.org.uk]

Abstract The scientific studies that have been conducted so far highlight that renal resistive index (RI) and aortic knob width (AKW) indicate poor prognosis regarding renal and cardiovascular mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Hypertension May Not Affect Prognosis of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis The presence of primary hypertension does not appear to have an effect on the prognosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. [endocrinologyadvisor.com]

These terms when used specifically to hypertension refer to something that does not correspond with reality—a false perception; implicit in this definition is normalcy or a benign prognosis. [doi.org]

[…] inhibitors gene expression profiles in leukocytes of primary hypertension (PH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obese children PPT Version PDF Version Paloma Manea COMPARISON BETWEEN HS-C REACTIVE PROTEIN AND MICROALBUMINURIA LEVELS FOR THE PROGNOSIS [omicsonline.org]

Most cases are idiopathic; however, some have specific etiologies, such as herpesvirus infection, immunological disorders, and hypertension. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

View/Print Table TABLE 4 History Suggesting Possible Etiologies or Associations with Hypertension Possible etiology and/or associations Family history Cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) Primary hypertension Deafness Congenital [aafp.org]

[…] of AT1R PPT Version PDF Version Yuanlin Song ARDS, lung infectious disease PPT Version Denis Hadjiliadis Susceptibility of CF patients to Pseudomonas acquisition PPT Version Speaker PPTs Ekambaram Umapathy An association between vasoactive agents and etiology [omicsonline.org]

KEYWORDS: Blood pressure; Controlled hypertension; Epidemiology; Hypertension; Tunisia [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ioanna Tzoulaki Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. [dx.doi.org]

Wikipedia Scholarly article on hypertension, classification,signs and symptoms, causes,diagnosis, prevention, treatment, complications, epidemiology, and history. [curlie.org]

[…] those clinical pathophysiological alterations was hemodynamic evidence of impaired cardiovascular and renal structure and function. [doi.org]

The pathophysiology of this complication of hypertension is unclear. Preserving the RV and preventing the development of pulmonary vascular disease may be considered among the targets of optimized therapy for systemic hypertension. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In addition, adrenaline ensures the reduction of triglyceride within the fat tissue. 4 Pathophysiology You can find an overproduction of adrenaline at the so-called pheochromocytoma. [flexikon.doccheck.com]

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee published its first statement on the primary prevention of hypertension in 1993. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Current recommendations for primary prevention of hypertension involve a population-based approach and an intensive targeted strategy focused on individuals at high risk for hypertension. [dx.doi.org]