'Eales disease' is an idiopathic bilateral occlusive periphlebitis with neovascularisation and mostly presents with vitreous hemorrhage. A 30 year old male presented with diminution of vision in left eye (6/36) for 1 month. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The management of this disease depends on the clinical presentation. Our patient was 27 years old, consults for a progressive loss of visual acuity unilateral in her left eye. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

• Inflammation

  inflammation.5,7 Eales’ disease most commonly affects healthy young adult males and is an important cause of preventable blindness in young adults. [eophtha.com]

  Medical treatment: A course of oral corticosteroids for extended periods is the main stay of treatment during active inflammation. A course of antitubercular therapy has also been recommended in selective cases. 2. [en.wikipedia.org]

  It is characterized by three overlapping stages of venous inflammation (vasculitis), occlusion, and retinal neovascularization. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  One patient had persistent inflammation and showed no resolution of inflammation while on ATT. [medresearch.in]

• Surgical Procedure

  Forty (56.3%) eyes underwent only PPV; the rest required additional surgical procedures (q.v.). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  procedures and methods, including oculoplastic, corneal, and glaucoma surgery. [books.google.com]

  Streaks Aquired Macular Diseases Congenital Abnormalities and Syndromes Diseases of Hematopoesis (see under Systemic Diseases) Hereditary Degenerations and Dystrophies Inflammatory Diseases / Infections Light Toxicity Retinal Detachment, Rhegmatogenous Surgical [atlasophthalmology.net]

• Asymptomatic

  We did this study to evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic scatter photocoagulation in asymptomatic eyes of patients presenting with vitreous haemorrhage due to Eales Disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients are often asymptomatic in the initial stages of retinal perivasculitis. Some patients may develop symptoms such as floaters, blurring vision, or even gross diminution of vision due to massive vitreous hemorrhage. [en.wikipedia.org]

  It is controversial whether asymptomatic isolated or incidentally observed vasculitis requires treatment. [eyewiki.aao.org]

  The first 2 stages are generally asymptomatic while vitreous hemorrhage (often sudden and unilateral) is characterized by small specks, floaters, ''cobwebs'' and a decrease in visual acuity (often remission). [orpha.net]

• Swelling

  Disease 611 3rd Nerve Palsy 612 4th Nerve Palsy 615 6th Nerve Palsy 618 Optometry and General Practice Guidelines 621 NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY 623 Investigations 629 Anisocoria 632 Transient Visual Loss 634 Nystagmus 637 Visual Field Defects 639 Optic Disc Swelling [books.google.com]

  Neuroretinitis is characterized by optic nerve head swelling. Affected vessels tend to leak, therefore leading to exudative retinopathy. [ecronicon.com]

  2009 Sponsor: Collaborator: Information provided by: Oregon Health and Science University Brief Summary: The primary objective of this protocol is to look at whether Lucentis (ranibizumab) is safe and effective when used for macular edema (retinal swelling [clinicaltrials.gov]

  This can lead to vascular leakage, which causes retinal swelling and macular edema that can greatly affect visual acuity and lead to vision loss. [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

• Abdominal Distension

  […] pain, gradual abdominal distension, post-prandial vomiting of previously eaten food, obstipation, and fever within 48 hours before consultation. [spmcpapers.com]

• Nausea

  Symptoms of the infection can appear and progress rapidly and include fever, nausea, loss of range of motion, and tenderness in the infected area. [finehomesandliving.com]

• Vomiting

  CX HTML PDF Measles epidemic in Davao City: 2017-2018 Tabada CF, Ladrero CX HTML PDF More infographics MORE ARTICLES CLINICAL IMAGES A 29-year-old male complaining about generalized, vague abdominal pain, gradual abdominal distension, post-prandial vomiting [spmcpapers.com]

• Vascular Disease

  Cases Toxic Retinopathies; see also Light Toxicitiy Trauma Tumors Vascular Diseases / Systemic Immunologic Diseases/ Diabetes mellitus Acquired Macroaneurysm Arterial Obstructive Disease of the Eye Benign Idiopathic haemorrhagic retinopathy Diabetic [atlasophthalmology.net]

• Retinal Hemorrhage

  Figure 1 : A) vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, periphlebitis and retinal periphery ischemia ; (B, C, D): shows retinal neovascularization and peripheral ischemic lesions [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  Introduction: In 1880 and 1882, Henry Eales - “primary recurrent retinal hemorrhage”. Similar conditions of retinal and vitreous hemorrhage were described under the name of Eales’ Disease. [slideshare.net]

  hemorrhages) and 15 healthy controls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] new blood vessels with numerous vitreous and retinal hemorrhages. [authorstream.com]

• Retinal Lesion

  […] to stabilize the retinal lesions and maintain functional levels of vision. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Stock 18 and Gilbert 19 have shown acid fast bacilli in the peripheral retinal lesion and perivascular sheaths in eyes with primary phlebitis. [nature.com]

  Other retinal lesions may be a clue to systemic associations and syndromes. [retinalphysician.com]

  They concluded that periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilization of the retinal lesions and in maintenance of functional levels of vision in ED. [jeos.eg.net]

• Vitreous Floaters

  Vitreous floaters or blurring of vision, symptoms attributable to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. 80% between the age of 20-40 years and 95% were male (O.K Malla and co workers) 54.34% between 20-30 years and 94.73% male Rare in more developed countries [slideshare.net]

  Can be unilateral or bilateral.90% bilateral (Duke Elder) 56.14% had bilateral retinal vasculitis( O.K Malla and coworkers) Slide 45: Vitreous floaters or blurring of vision, symptoms attributable to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. 80% between the age [authorstream.com]

• Background Retinopathy

  retinopathy and retinal vascular changes 2016 2017 2018 2019 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Code Also any associated hypertension ( I10.- ) Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes H35.06 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35.06 Retinal vasculitis [icd10data.com]

• Retinal Scar

  scars. [6] There is perivascular phlebitis, non-perfusion, and neovascularization [Figure - 1] [Figure - 2] [Figure - 3] [Figure - 4] [Figure - 5] [Figure - 6]. [ijo.in]

• Irritability

  So the real dynamism here is found in Electra’s mad cackling and vows of bloody revenge, hilariously overplayed with thunder and lightning flashing outside the windows of Mortimer/Eales’s set, while the princess irritably sends back glasses of wine and [postcardsgods.blogspot.com]

His workup for connective tissue disorders was negative. He was put on ATT with steroids. Eales' disease is presumed allergy to tuberculoprotein. A trial of ATT with steroids has been tried with varying results. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If the patient's workup suggests an underlying systemic cause, then further examinations and laboratory tests should be performed. [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

A full systemic workup was performed, including CBC, hemoglobin A1C, sickle screen, PT/PTT, basic metabolic panel, RPR, FTA-Abs, ANA, ANCA, ACE, Lyme, HIV and a chest X-ray. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

In this article we review the signs, symptoms, workup and treatment options of this disease. [ecronicon.com]

Central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult should be investigated for inflammatory etiology (see diagnostic workup, below) because it represents a rare presentation of Eales. 1 Coats disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and sickle-cell [entokey.com]

• Retinal Phlebitis

  phlebitis, the onset of ischemia and retinal vessels neo area is often revealed by vitreous hemorrhage. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  Retinal phlebitis Retinal phlebitis is characterized by mid-peripheral venous dilation, perivascular exudates along the peripheral veins, and superficial retinal haemorrhages. [nature.com]

  Characteristic features include inflammation of the peripheral retinal vasculature causing retinal phlebitis that can lead to retinal non-perfusion, neovascularization and recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

  Based of the above findings, Saxena et al.[13] propose the following stages: Stage Findings I: Peripheral phlebitis of small (Ia) and large (Ib) caliber vessels with retinal hemorrhage IIa: Capillary nonperfusion IIb: Revascularization elsewhere/of the [eyewiki.aao.org]

This article describes all these modes of treatment in a young patient suffering from Eales’ disease. [journals.viamedica.pl]

Forty-three eyes had undergone laser therapy; their rate of visual acuity 320/30 improved from 53% before treatment to 60% after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

General treatment & Management General Treatment The management of Eales’ disease depends upon the stage of the disease. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Visual prognosis is good if treated early in the course of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Visual prognosis is good if treatment begins early in the course of the disease. Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), supported by ORDR-NCATS and NHGRI. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

CONCLUSION: Patients with a high TST reading and ESR value and a positive PCR in vitreous samples have a high likelihood of having M. tuberculosis as an etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology The etiology of ED remains elusive; some studies suggest that T cell infiltration and certain peptide growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have a key role in the process of neovascularization. [orpha.net]

We present such a case with peculiar epidemiology in which the only efficient therapeutic approach in order to maintain functional vision was repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Summary Epidemiology ED is most commonly observed on the Indian subcontinent where the reported incidence is 1/200-1/250 ophthalmic patients. Males are predominantly affected. [orpha.net]

It is possible that the association of Eales disease with both ocular inflammation and sensitivity to tuberculin protein suggests that this disease may be associated with immunologic phenomena whose mechanisms remain unknown. [1] Epidemiology Frequency [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] vasculitis involving the mid-peripheral retina that is characterized by retinal venous inflammation (periphlebitis), vascular occlusion, and subsequent retinal neovascularization.[2][3] A hallmark of Eales’ disease is recurrent vitreous hemorrhage.[3][4] Epidemiology [eyewiki.aao.org]

The pathophysiology of Eales disease is mostly unknown. Eales disease is believed to be a primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels. [premilife.com]

Pathophysiology : Pathophysiology Mostly unknown primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels vascular occlusions, peripheral neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage Pathophysiology : Pathophysiology [authorstream.com]

Comprehensively updated to reflect everything you need to know regarding retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology, this monumental ophthalmology reference work equips you with expert answers to virtually any [books.google.com]

[…] retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels vascular occlusions, peripheral neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage 8 Pathophysiology The microvascular abnormalities are seen at the junction of perfused and nonperfused zones of the retina. [slideplayer.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of Eales disease is mostly unknown. Eales disease is believed to be a primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels. [emedicine.medscape.com]

CONCLUSION: Early vitrectomy in established cases of Eales' disease provides satisfactory results and helps in preventing complications, which are difficult to treat. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]