Presentation
One area of concern is the amount of aldehydes present in e-cigarette smoke. These aldehydes are present in tobacco cigarettes in larger quantities than in e-cigarettes, but the levels in e-cigarettes are still not known. [phys.org]
The clinical presentation of intraoral ACD reactions varies greatly, and as a result, clinicians often do not recognize the diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Example 5 Naming Cyclic Ketones and Diketones In cyclic ketones the carbonyl group is assigned location position #1, and this number is not included in the name, unless more than one carbonyl group is present. [chem.libretexts.org]
Entire Body System
- Weakness
Alkynes, with Acetylenic Hydrogen Alkynes, with No Acetylenic Hydrogen Amides and Imides Amines, Aromatic Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines Anhydrides Aryl Halides Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds Bases, Strong Bases, Weak Carbamates [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Among the aldehydes other than aliphatic aldehydes, only phenylacetaldehyde showed a weak activity. These findings make a contribution to our knowledge of recognition mechanisms for flavor volatiles in foods with an aldehyde group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Solution: Hydrogen cyanide is a weak acid that dissociates to a small extent into protons and cyanide ions (CN - ). The cyanide ion is a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl group as shown below. [universalclass.com]
For this reason abstraction of this proton can be achieved using even weak bases such as sodium hydroxide. [pharmaxchange.info]
- Pathologist
Staining evaluation was performed independently by two pathologists, and the expression level of ALDH1 was evaluated in terms of the percentage and intensity of positive cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
Gastrointestinal
Neurologic
- Headache
[…] even mild B1 deficiency in humans continued over a long period of time (the experiment ran six months) produces symptoms including apathy, confusion, emotional instability, irritability, depression, feelings of impending doom, fatigue, insomnia, and headaches [drlwilson.com]
Acute exposure to acetaldehyde causes much of the unpleasant effects associated with ethanol intoxication, including nausea, palpitations, vomiting, dizziness, and headaches ( 24 ). [doi.org]
- Seizure
Certain mutations in the ALDH7A1 gene, which are presumed to reduce catalytic activity, cause an autosomal recessive seizure disorder known as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] γ-Hydroxybutric aciduria 6p22.2 NM_001080 ALDH6A1 Mitochondria Malonate semi-aldehyde Development delay, metabolic abnormality, methylmalonic aciduria 14q24.3 NM_005589 ALDH7A1 Cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria α-Aminoadipic semi-aldehyde Pyridoxine-dependent seizures [doi.org]
Workup
Again, note that the acidic, aqueous workup required for LAH reductions is also that required to de-protect the acetal functionality. ADDITION OF OTHER CARBON NUCLEOPHILES TO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS I. [research.cm.utexas.edu]
Treatment
TMZ treatment at high concentrations diminished ALDH1A3 protein and this downregulation made the tumor cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. ALDH1A3 was post-transcriptionally regulated since mRNA levels were not affected by TMZ treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys was significantly associated with short-term prognosis. The genotype GA+AA of ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys locus was an independent risk factor of poor 90-day prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
Accumulation of 4-HNE is also associated with the establishment of cardiomyopathies from different etiologies and with progression to heart failure ( 192, 218, 219 ). 4-HNE-modified proteins are significantly increased in myocardial biopsies from patients [doi.org]
Epidemiology
Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiological studies show a correlation between Parkinson's disease with living in a rural area and/or exposure to agricultural pesticides ( 9, 62, 84, 308 ). [doi.org]
Pathophysiology
This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The ALDH2*2 allele has also been linked to chronic cardiovascular pathophysiologies. [doi.org]
Prevention
Activation of G i -receptors on MC and/or ischemic preconditioning (IPC) prevent renin release, thus providing anti-RAS cardioprotection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The buffer prevents autolysis that occurs under acid conditions and also prevents the development of coloration of the tissue caused by formalin pigment. Aldehyde fixatives form crosslinks between proteins. [nationaldiagnostics.com]